With excellent safety and potentially high energy density, all-solid-state lithium batteries (ASSLBs) are expected to meet the needs of large-scale energy storage applications, and widely regarded as the next-generation battery technology to replace traditional lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). As one of the most important components in ASSLBs, solid-state electrolytes (SSEs) are the key to promoting the commercialization of ASSLBs. Ideal SSEs should at least possess excellent mechanical and electrochemical properties to enable ASSLBs to operate safely and stably for a long time at a relatively high rate. Unfortunately, solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs) and inorganic solid electrolytes (ISEs) are excluded because of their significant deficiency in electrochemical or mechanical properties. In contrast, organic-inorganic composite solid electrolytes (O-ICSEs) derived from incorporating inorganic fillers into SPEs can well balance the two properties through the synergy between the components, which are the most promising candidates for ASSLBs. Therefore, a timely summary of the latest research progress in the field of O-ICSEs is of great significance for designing O-ICSEs with better performance and early realizing the commercialization of ASSLBs. In this review, the enhancement mechanisms of the electrochemical performance for O-ICSEs are firstly discussed in detail, and the basic characteristics of effective fillers are determined. Then the latest research progress in recent five years of O-ICSEs based on polyethylene oxide (PEO), polyacrylonitrile (PAN) and polycarbonate matrix are highlighted, covering various fillers types, rational structural designs and main performance parameters. Finally, the existing problems and future research directions of O-ICSEs are summarized.

全固态锂电池（ASSLB）具有出色的安全性和潜在的高能量密度，有望满足大规模储能应用的需求，并被广泛视为替代传统锂离子电池的下一代电池技术（LIB）。作为ASSLB中最重要的成分之一，固态电解质（SSE）是促进ASSLB商业化的关键。理想的SSE至少应具有出色的机械和电化学性能，以使ASSLB能够以相对较高的速率长时间安全稳定地运行。不幸的是，由于固态聚合物电解质（SPE）和无机固态电解质（ISE）在电化学或机械性能上的显着不足，因此被排除在外。相反，通过将无机填料掺入SPE中而衍生的有机-无机复合固体电解质（O-ICSE）可以通过组分之间的协同作用很好地平衡这两种性能，这是ASSLB的最有希望的候选者。因此，及时总结O-ICSE领域的最新研究进展对于设计性能更好的O-ICSE和早日实现ASSLB的商业化具有重要意义。在这篇综述中，首先详细讨论了O-ICSEs电化学性能的增强机理，并确定了有效填料的基本特性。然后重点介绍了基于聚环氧乙烷（PEO），聚丙烯腈（PAN）和聚碳酸酯基体的O-ICSE近五年的最新研究进展，涵盖了各种填料类型，合理的结构设计和主要性能参数。最后，总结了O-ICSE存在的问题和未来的研究方向。