Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) could emit a large amount of bioaerosols containing pathogenic bacteria. Assessing the health risks of exposure to these bioaerosols by using quantitative microbial risk assessment (QMRA) is important to protect workers in WWTPs. However, the relative impacts of the stochastic input variables on the health risks determined in QMRA remain vague. Hence, this study performed a Monte Carlo simulation-based QMRA case study for workers exposing to S. aureus or E. coli bioaerosols and a sensitivity analysis in two WWTPs with various aeration modes. Results showed that when workers equipped without personal protective equipment (PPE) were exposed to S. aureus or E. coli bioaerosol in the two WWTPs, the annual probability of infection considerably exceeded the U.S. EPA benchmark (≤10E-4 pppy), and the disease burden did not satisfy the WHO benchmark (≤10E-6 DALYs pppy) (except exposure to E. coli bioaerosol for disease health risk burden). Nevertheless, the use of PPE effectively reduced the annual infection health risk to an acceptable level and converted the disease health risk burden to a highly acceptable level. Referring to the sensitivity analysis, the contribution of mechanical aeration modes to the variability of the health risks was absolutely dominated in the WWTPs. On the aeration mode that showed high exposure concentration, the three input exposure parameters (exposure time, aerosol ingestion rate, and breathing rate) had a great impact on health risks. The health risks were also prone to being highly influenced by the various choices of the dose–response model and related parameters. Current research systematically delivered new data and a novel perspective on the sensitivity analysis of QMRA. Then, management decisions could be executed by authorities on the basis of the results of this sensitivity analysis to reduce related occupational health risks of workers in WWTPs.

废水处理厂（WWTP）可能排放大量含有病原细菌的生物气溶胶。通过使用定量微生物风险评估（QMRA）评估接触这些生物气溶胶的健康风险，对于保护污水处理厂的工人非常重要。但是，随机输入变量对QMRA中确定的健康风险的相对影响仍然不明确。因此，本研究针对暴露于S的工人进行了基于Monte Carlo模拟的QMRA案例研究。金黄色葡萄球菌或ê。两种不同曝气模式的污水处理厂中的大肠杆菌生物气溶胶和敏感性分析。结果表明，没有个人防护装备（PPE）的工人暴露于S之下。金黄色或ê。两个污水处理厂中的大肠杆菌生物气溶胶，每年感染的可能性大大超过了美国EPA基准（≤10E-4pppy），疾病负担未达到WHO基准（≤10E-6DALYs pppy）（暴露于E除外）。大肠杆菌生物气雾剂对疾病健康的风险负担）。然而，使用PPE可以有效地将年度感染健康风险降低到可接受的水平，并将疾病健康风险负担转变为高度可接受的水平。关于敏感性分析，污水处理厂绝对控制了机械曝气模式对健康风险变化的影响。在暴露浓度高的曝气模式下，三个输入暴露参数（暴露时间，气溶胶摄入速率和呼吸速率）对健康风险有很大影响。健康风险也容易受到剂量反应模型和相关参数的各种选择的高度影响。当前的研究系统地提供了新的数据，并为QMRA的敏感性分析提供了新的视角。然后，