Development of a functional nerve conduit to replace autografts remains a significant challenge particularly considering the compositional complexity and structural hierarchy of native peripheral nerves. In the present study, a multiscale strategy was adopted to fabricate 3D biomimetic nerve conduit from Antheraea pernyi silk fibroin (ApF)/(Poly(L-lactic acid-co-caprolactone)) (PLCL)/graphene oxide (GO) (ApF/PLCL/GO) nanofibers via nanofiber dispersion, template-molding, freeze-drying and crosslinking. The resultant conduits exhibit parallel multichannels (ϕ = 125 µm) surrounded by biomimetic fibrous fragments with tailored degradation rate and improved mechanical properties in comparison with the scaffold without GO. In vitro studies showed that such 3D biomimetic nerve scaffolds had the ability to offer an effective guiding interface for neuronal cell growth. Furthermore, these conduits showed a similarity to autografts in vivo repairing sciatic nerve defects based on a series of analysis (walking track, triceps weight, morphogenesis, vascularization, axonal regrowth and myelination). The conduits almost completely degraded within 12 weeks. These findings demonstrate that the 3D hierarchical nerve guidance conduit (NGC) with fascicle-like structure have great potential for peripheral nerve repair.

开发功能性神经导管来替代自体移植仍然是一项重大挑战，特别是考虑到天然周围神经的组成复杂性和结构层次。在本研究中，采用了多尺度策略来从百日咳蚕丝丝素（Ap F）/（聚（L-乳酸-共己内酯））（PLCL）/氧化石墨烯（GO）（Ap F / PLCL / GO）纳米纤维，通过纳米纤维分散，模板成型，冷冻干燥和交联。与没有GO的脚手架相比，所得的导管具有平行的多通道（ϕ = 125 µm），周围有仿生纤维碎片，具有定制的降解速率和改善的机械性能。体外研究表明，此类3D仿生神经支架具有为神经元细胞生长提供有效指导界面的能力。此外，基于一系列分析（行走轨迹，三头肌重量，形态发生，血管生成，轴突再生和髓鞘形成），这些导管显示出与自体移植体内修复坐骨神经缺损的相似性。导管在12周内几乎完全降解。这些发现表明，具有束状结构的3D分层神经引导导管（NGC）具有修复周围神经的巨大潜力。