Prostate Cancer and Prostatic Diseases ( IF 5.1 ) Pub Date : 2020-09-25 , DOI: 10.1038/s41391-020-00283-3
Lukas Lunger 1 , Margitta Retz 1 , Miriam Bandur 1 , Marc Souchay 1 , Elisabeth Vitzthum 1 , Marion Jäger 1 , Gregor Weirich 2 , Tibor Schuster 3 , Michael Autenrieth 1 , Hubert Kübler 1, 4 , Tobias Maurer 1, 5 , Mark Thalgott 1 , Kathleen Herkommer 1 , Florestan Koll 1 , Jürgen E Gschwend 1 , Roman Nawroth 1 , Matthias M Heck 1
Background
Lymph-node (LN) metastasis in prostate cancer (PC) is a main risk factor for tumor recurrence after radical prostatectomy (RP). Molecular analysis facilitates detection of small-volume LN metastases with higher sensitivity than histopathology. We aimed to prospectively evaluate six candidate gene markers for detection of pelvic LN metastases and to determine their ability to predict biochemical recurrence-free survival (bRFS) in patients treated with RP.
Methods
The expression of kallikrein 2, 3, and 4 (KLK2, KLK3, and KLK4), prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA), transmembrane serine protease 2 (TMPRSS2) and transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member 8 (TRPM8) was assessed using qPCR. We analyzed LNs from 111 patients (intermediate PC, n = 32 (29%); high-risk PC, n = 79 (71%)) who underwent RP and extended pelvic lymph-node dissection without neoadjuvant treatment.
Results
Overall, 2411 LNs were examined by molecular and histopathologic examination. Histopathology detected 69 LN metastases in 28 (25%) patients. KLK2 and KLK3 diagnostically performed best and classified all pN1-patients correctly as molecular node-positive (molN1/pN1). The concordance on LN level was best for KLK3 (96%). KLK2, KLK3, KLK4, PSMA, TMPRSS2, and TRPM8 reclassified 27 (24%), 32 (29%), 29 (26%), 8 (7%), 13 (12%), and 23 (21%) pN0-patients, respectively, as node-positive (pN0/molN1). On multivariable cox regression analysis molecular LN status (molN1 vs. molN0) using KLK3 (HR 4.0, p = 0.04) and TMPRSS2 (HR 5.1, p = 0.02) were independent predictors of bRFS. Median bRFS was shorter in patients with only molecular positive LNs (molN1/pN0) for KLK3 (24 months, p = 0.001) and for TMPRSS2 (12 months, p < 0.001) compared to patients with negative nodes (molN0/pN0) (median bRFS not reached).
Conclusions
For diagnostic purposes, KLK3 showed highest concordance with histopathology for detection of LN metastases in PC patients undergoing RP. For prognostic purposes, KLK3 and TMPRSS2 expression were superior to histopathologic LN status and other transcripts tested for molecular LN status. We suggest a combined KLK3/TMPRSS2 panel as a valuable diagnostic and prognostic tool for molecular LN analysis.
中文翻译:

KLK3 和 TMPRSS2 用于接受根治性前列腺切除术的前列腺癌患者的分子淋巴结分期
背景
前列腺癌(PC)中的淋巴结(LN)转移是根治性前列腺切除术(RP)后肿瘤复发的主要危险因素。分子分析有助于以比组织病理学更高的灵敏度检测小体积 LN 转移。我们旨在前瞻性地评估用于检测盆腔 LN 转移的六种候选基因标志物,并确定它们预测接受 RP 治疗的患者的生化无复发生存期 (bRFS) 的能力。
方法
评估激肽释放酶 2、3 和 4(KLK2、KLK3 和 KLK4)、前列腺特异性膜抗原 (PSMA)、跨膜丝氨酸蛋白酶 2 (TMPRSS2) 和瞬时受体电位阳离子通道亚家族 M 成员 8 (TRPM8) 的表达使用 qPCR。我们分析了 111 名患者(中度 PC,n = 32 (29%);高危 PC,n = 79 (71%))的 LN,这些患者在没有新辅助治疗的情况下接受了 RP 和扩大盆腔淋巴结清扫术。
结果
总体而言,通过分子和组织病理学检查检查了 2411 个 LN。组织病理学在 28 名 (25%) 患者中检测到 69 处 LN 转移。KLK2 和 KLK3 在诊断上表现最好,并将所有 pN1 患者正确分类为分子淋巴结阳性 (molN1/pN1)。KLK3 (96%) 的 LN 水平的一致性最好。KLK2、KLK3、KLK4、PSMA、TMPRSS2 和 TRPM8 重新分类为 27 (24%)、32 (29%)、29 (26%)、8 (7%)、13 (12%) 和 23 (21%) pN0 - 患者,分别为淋巴结阳性 (pN0/molN1)。在多变量 cox 回归分析中,使用 KLK3(HR 4.0, p = 0.04)和 TMPRSS2(HR 5.1,p = 0.02)的分子 LN 状态(molN1 与 molN0)是 bRFS 的独立预测因子。KLK3 仅有分子阳性 LN (molN1/pN0) 的患者中位 bRFS 较短(24 个月,p = 0.001)和 TMPRSS2(12 个月,p < 0.001)与淋巴结阴性患者(molN0/pN0)(未达到中位 bRFS)相比。
结论
出于诊断目的,KLK3 与组织病理学在检测接受 RP 的 PC 患者中的 LN 转移方面表现出最高的一致性。出于预后目的,KLK3 和 TMPRSS2 表达优于组织病理学 LN 状态和其他测试分子 LN 状态的转录物。我们建议将 KLK3/TMPRSS2 组合面板作为分子 LN 分析的有价值的诊断和预后工具。