The importance of mine planning is often underestimated. Nonetheless, it is essential in achieving high performance by identifying the potential value of mineral resources and providing an optimal, practical, and realistic strategy for extraction, which considers the greatest quantity of options, materials, and scenarios. Conventional mine planning is based on a mostly deterministic approach, ignoring part of the uncertainty presented in the input data, such as the mineralogical composition of the feed. This work develops a methodology to optimize the mineral recovery of the heap leaching phase by addressing the mineralogical variation of the feed, by alternating the mode of operation depending on the type of ore in the feed. The operational changes considered in the analysis include the leaching of oxide ores by adding only sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄) as reagent and adding chloride in the case of sulfide ores (secondary sulfides). The incorporation of uncertainty allows the creation of models that maximize the productivity, while confronting the geological uncertainty, as the extraction program progresses. The model seeks to increase the expected recovery from leaching, considering a set of equiprobable geological scenarios. The modeling and simulation of this productive phase is developed through a discrete event simulation (DES) framework. The results of the simulation indicate the potential to address the dynamics of feed variation through the implementation of alternating modes of operation.

中文翻译：

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通过改变操作模式和离散事件模拟来优化堆浸工艺

矿山规划的重要性常常被低估了。尽管如此，通过识别矿产资源的潜在价值并提供最佳，实用和切合实际的开采策略（考虑最大数量的选择，材料和方案）来实现高性能至关重要。常规的矿山规划基于一种主要是确定性的方法，而忽略了输入数据中存在的部分不确定性，例如饲料的矿物学组成。这项工作开发了一种方法，通过根据饲料中矿石的类型改变操作方式，解决饲料的矿物学变化，从而优化堆浸阶段的矿物回收率。分析中考虑的操作变化包括仅添加硫酸（H₂ SO ₄）作为试剂，如果是硫化矿石（二次硫化物），则添加氯化物。随着提取程序的进行，不确定性的纳入使得可以创建最大化生产率的模型，同时面对地质不确定性。考虑到一组等概率的地质情况，该模型旨在提高浸出的预期回收率。此生产阶段的建模和仿真是通过离散事件仿真（DES）框架开发的。模拟结果表明，通过实施交替操作模式可以解决饲料变化的动态变化。