Aromatic substitutions are a very important class of reaction for both the fine chemical and pharmaceutical industries. The use of palladium as a catalyst for these types of reactions is common during the research stages of product development. Its desirable criteria include high selectivity, being compatible with many types of functional groups, typical use without protection groups and strong bases, and introduction at relatively late stages of the total synthesis. However, its use is less common in large-scale manufacture due to their cost and availability of aromatic halides at scale. In addition, palladium contamination of pharmaceutical products has to be 10 ppm or less that is difficult to achieve without strenuous and typically wastefully remediation strategies in place. In this contribution, we aim to give an overview of the use of a range of greener methodologies and catalysts trends in C-C couplings at industrial scale, with selected examples of current compounds industrially produced via such reactions.

对于精细化学和制药工业而言，芳族取代是非常重要的一类反应。在产品开发的研究阶段，通常将钯用作此类反应的催化剂。其理想的标准包括高选择性，与许多类型的官能团相容，没有保护基和强碱的典型用途以及在总合成的相对后期引入。然而，由于其成本和芳香族卤化物的大规模供应，其在大规模生产中的使用不太普遍。另外，药品的钯污染必须为10 ppm或更少，而如果没有严格的，通常是浪费性的补救策略，则很难实现。在这项贡献中，