水产养殖土霉素的药代动力学，药效学，剂量优化和停药时间的关键方法,Reviews in Aquaculture

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水产养殖土霉素的药代动力学，药效学，剂量优化和停药时间的关键方法
Reviews in Aquaculture ( IF 8.8 ) Pub Date : 2013-12-26 , DOI: 10.1111/raq.12055
George Rigos ₁ , Peter Smith ₂

Affiliation

土霉素（OTC）是世界范围内水产养殖业中最常用于控制细菌感染的抗菌剂之一。在治疗方案中透彻的知识以及适当的药物药代动力学（PK）和药效学（PD）的整合对于治疗功效和成本，环境福利以及对人类安全的潜在意义至关重要。这篇综述提供了对已发表的OTC PK的急需的评论，并讨论了OTC PD，剂量优化和停药时间（WT）的重要性。总体而言，相关文献显示，大多数已发布的OTC PK信息特定于养殖鱼类。PK研究之间实验设计的显着差异使种间比较几乎是不可能的任务。已发布的PK参数与实际应用具有可变的相关性，而且，对于某些相关的PK参数，可用信息有限或不存在。还证明了同时存在与剂量方案，PK，PD数据和临床结果相关的数据严重不足。这导致难以将可用的PK数据应用于当前剂量方案的改善。当前的功效研究和PK / PD数据无法改善实验室使用的解释标准。因此，目前，临床评估必须依靠野生型流行病学临界值（CO 这导致难以将可用的PK数据应用于当前剂量方案的改善。当前的功效研究和PK / PD数据无法改善实验室使用的解释标准。因此，目前，临床评估必须依靠野生型流行病学临界值（CO 这导致难以将可用的PK数据应用于当前剂量方案的改善。当前的功效研究和PK / PD数据无法改善实验室使用的解释标准。因此，目前，临床评估必须依靠野生型流行病学临界值（CO_WT）。关于OTC的去除，WT对养殖甲壳类动物的估计要短于有鳍鱼类的估计。但是，此事实并不一定确保这些产品不太可能导致违反监管限制。

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A critical approach on pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, dose optimisation and withdrawal times of oxytetracycline in aquaculture

Oxytetracycline (OTC) is one of the antibacterial agents that is most commonly used to control bacterial infections in the aquaculture industry worldwide. Thorough knowledge and integration of appropriate drug pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacodynamics (PD) in therapeutic schedules are crucial in terms of treatment efficacy and cost, environmental welfare and potentially to human safety. This review provides a much needed critique of published OTC PK and a discussion on OTC PD, dose optimisation and importance of withdrawal times (WT). Overall, the pertinent literature reveals that most published OTC PK information is specific to farmed fish species. Significant variability in experimental design between PK studies rendered interspecies comparisons an almost impossible task. Published PK parameters exert variable relevance to practical application, and moreover, limited or nonexistent information is available for some relevant PK parameters. It is also demonstrated that there is a serious shortage of data simultaneously relating dose regimen, PK, PD data and clinical outcomes. This results in difficulties in applying available PK data to the improvement in current dose regimen. Efficacy studies and PK/PD data currently available do not allow improvements in the interpretive criteria used by laboratories; thus, for the present, clinical evaluations must rely on wild‐type epidemiological cut‐off values (CO_WT). Regarding OTC removal, the WT estimates that have been made for farmed crustaceans are much shorter than those for finfish. However, this fact does not necessarily ensure that these products are unlikely to result in contravention of regulatory limits.

更新日期：2013-12-26

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