丁香假单胞菌的遗传多样性。猕猴桃，猕猴桃细菌性溃疡病的病原体,Plant Pathology

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丁香假单胞菌的遗传多样性。猕猴桃，猕猴桃细菌性溃疡病的病原体
Plant Pathology ( IF 2.3 ) Pub Date : 2019-06-05 , DOI: 10.1111/ppa.13040
H. Sawada ₁ , T. Fujikawa ₂

Affiliation

奇异果的细菌性溃疡病目前至少在15个国家中发生，造成了严重破坏。该病的病原体是丁香假单胞菌pv。猕猴桃（Psa），具有遗传多样性，目前分为五个生物变种，即生物变种1、2、3、5和6。在日本，到目前为止，除生物变种2外，已经发现了四个生物变种。这些生物变种已被证实在致病性相关基因（如毒素生物合成和III型效应基因）的毒力和组成方面存在差异。Biovars 1和6拥有一个tox岛，一个大约38 kb的基因组岛，其中包含相毒素生物合成基因（argK-tox簇），并已确认是通过水平转移从其他细菌中获得的。另外，在生物变种6所具有的大质粒上，存在冠状君子的生物合成基因，并且生物变种6具有产生两种植物毒素，即菜豆毒素和冠冕素的能力。2014年，日本首次确认了被认为是外来来源的biovar 3。毒力相对较弱的Biovar 5仅分布在有限的区域中。除毒岛上和各种质粒中，证实了Psa基因组中存在大量的移动遗传元件，这可能在帮助Psa获得新特征方面发挥了重要作用。为了了解Psa如何获得系统性感染猕猴桃的能力，与相关病原体（如P）进行多相比较非常重要。 丁香科植物西娅和光伏 放线fo。

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Genetic diversity of Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae, pathogen of kiwifruit bacterial canker

Bacterial canker disease of kiwifruit currently occurs in at least 15 countries, causing serious damage. The causative agent of the disease is Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae (Psa), which is genetically diverse and is currently classified into five biovars, namely, biovars 1, 2, 3, 5 and 6. In Japan, four biovars except biovar 2 have been found so far. These biovars have been confirmed to have differences in the virulence and composition of pathogenicity‐related genes, such as toxin biosynthesis and type III effector genes. Biovars 1 and 6 possess the tox island, a genomic island of approximately 38 kb, which contains phaseolotoxin biosynthesis genes (argK‐tox cluster) and is confirmed to have been acquired from other bacteria through horizontal transfers. Also, on the megaplasmid possessed by biovar 6, there exist coronatine biosynthesis genes, and biovar 6 has the ability to produce two phytotoxins, phaseolotoxin and coronatine. In 2014, biovar 3, considered to be of foreign origin, was confirmed for the first time in Japan. Biovar 5, whose virulence is relatively weak, is distributed only in a limited area. In addition to the tox island and various plasmids, a large number of mobile genetic elements are confirmed to be present on the Psa genomes, which might have played a major role in helping Psa to acquire new features. In order to understand how Psa acquired the ability to infect kiwifruit systemically, it is important to make polyphasic comparisons with related pathovars, such as P. syringae pv. theae and pv. actinidifoliorum.

更新日期：2019-06-05

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