Ethnopharmacological relevance

Musk has been traditionally used in Chinese medicine as the main ingredient of many formulations for the treatment of chest pain and angina pectoris.

Aim of the study

To investigate the protective effects of muscone (the active ingredient of musk) on ischemia–reperfusion (I/R) injury induced by hypoxia and low glucose in primary cultured rat cardiac myocytes.

Materials and methods

Primary cultures of neonatal rat cardiac myocytes were subjected to ischemia–reperfusion in media, with or without muscone. Cell viability, release of lactic acid dehydrogenase (LDH), superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, creatine kinase (CK) and caspase-3 activities, as well as intracellular free Ca²⁺ concentrations, were measured. Cellular apoptosis and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) were assessed by flow cytometry, and the expression of Bcl-2 and Bax proteins was assessed by Western blotting.

Results

Following the exposure of cardiac myocytes to ischemia–reperfusion, there was a marked decrease in pulsating frequency, cell viability, SOD activity, MMP, and the expression of Bcl-2 protein, accompanied by increased LDH release, MDA production, CK and caspase-3 activities, intracellular free Ca²⁺ concentrations, rate of apoptosis, and expression of Bax protein. Pretreatment with muscone (0.215, 0.43, 0.86 μg/mL) prior to I/R injury significantly attenuated the above changes.

Conclusion

Muscone has a protective effect against I/R injury in cardiac myocytes, indicating that muscone may potentially provide therapeutic benefit in I/R injury by inhibiting cellular oxidative stress and apoptosis.

中文翻译：

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麝香酮对心肌细胞缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用

民族药理学意义

传统上，麝香已在中医药中用作许多用于治疗胸痛和心绞痛的制剂的主要成分。

研究目的

研究麝香酮（麝香的有效成分）对原代培养的大鼠心肌细胞中低氧和低葡萄糖引起的缺血再灌注（I / R）损伤的保护作用。

材料和方法

新生大鼠心肌细胞的原代培养物在有或没有麝香酮的培养基中进行缺血-再灌注。测量细胞活力，乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）释放，超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性，丙二醛（MDA）水平，肌酸激酶（CK）和caspase-3活性以及细胞内游离Ca ²⁺浓度。流式细胞术评估细胞凋亡和线粒体膜电位（MMP），Western blotting评估Bcl-2和Bax蛋白的表达。

结果

心肌细胞暴露于缺血-再灌注后，搏动频率，细胞活力，SOD活性，MMP和Bcl-2蛋白表达显着下降，同时伴随着LDH释放，MDA产生，CK和胱天蛋白酶的增加。 3个活性，细胞内游离Ca ²⁺浓度，凋亡率和Bax蛋白的表达。在I / R损伤之前用麝香酮（0.215、0.43、0.86μg/ mL）进行预处理可以显着减弱上述变化。

结论

Muscone对心肌细胞的I / R损伤具有保护作用，表明Muscone可能通过抑制细胞氧化应激和凋亡而在I / R损伤中提供治疗益处。