Aim: Elevated biodiversity is the result of the cradle, museum or sink functions. The contributions of these three functions to species accumulation and their changes through time remain unknown for glacial refugia. Additionally, our understanding of the role these functions played during pre‐glacial periods is limited. We test for changes in contributions of functions through time leading to the current diversity patterns using a model refugium and taxon. Location: Anatolia, Western Palaearctic. Taxon: Freshwater neritid snails (genus Theodoxus). Methods: Assessments were made to define molecular operational taxonomic units (MOTUs) for Theodoxus and reaffirm the genus as a suitable model taxon with elevated interspecific diversity in noted glacial refugia. Thereafter, we constructed a time‐calibrated multilocus Bayesian phylogeny of mtDNA and nDNA by using both fossil data and published substitution rates. Ancestral area estimation was performed on the phylogeny to define the contribution of the functions through time. Results: Accumulation of Theodoxus diversity in Anatolia over the Miocene–Pliocene transition is attributed to the museum function, but its contribution was small as only few divergence events occurred. The cradle function dominated during the Pliocene and Early Pleistocene, when most interspecific diversity built up and extant lineages in Anatolia were established. The sink function acted from the Middle Pleistocene to present‐day, but with only a small contribution to the total extant Anatolian interspecific diversity. Main conclusion: Our results do not entirely mitigate the role glacial cycles played in species accumulation, but highlight Ice Ages may have been less effective in forcing temperate aquatic interspecific diversity into more opportune areas. The elevated diversity in refugia may rather be the result of earlier in situ diversification. Elevated interspecific diversity attributed to the legacy of glacially forced retreats may need to be re‐evaluated in cases where refugia have long and complex geological histories such as Anatolia. These results highlight the importance of considering species accumulation through a temporal perspective to adequately explain present‐day biodiversity patterns. Action: H2020-MSCA-ITN-2014, acronym: PRIDE, grant agreement No: 642973.

中文翻译：

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生物地理功能对物种积累的贡献可能会随着时间的推移在避难区发生变化

目标：提升生物多样性是摇篮、博物馆或水槽功能的结果。对于冰川避难所，这三种功能对物种积累及其随时间变化的贡献仍然未知。此外，我们对这些功能在前冰期所发挥的作用的理解是有限的。我们使用模型避难所和分类群测试导致当前多样性模式的功能贡献随时间的变化。位置：安纳托利亚，西古北。分类群：淡水蜗牛（Theodoxus 属）。方法：进行了评估以定义 Theodoxus 的分子操作分类单元 (MOTU)，并重申该属是一个合适的模型分类群，在著名的冰川避难所中具有较高的种间多样性。此后，我们通过使用化石数据和已发表的替代率构建了 mtDNA 和 nDNA 的时间校准多位点贝叶斯系统发育。对系统发育进行祖先面积估计，以定义函数随时间的贡献。结果：中新世-上新世过渡时期安纳托利亚 Theodoxus 多样性的积累归因于博物馆功能，但其贡献很小，因为只有很少的分歧事件发生。摇篮功能在上新世和早更新世期间占主导地位，当时安纳托利亚的大多数种间多样性建立并建立了现存的谱系。汇作用从中更新世到现在，但对现存的安纳托利亚种间多样性的贡献很小。主要结论：我们的结果并没有完全减轻冰川循环在物种积累中的作用，但强调冰河时代在迫使温带水生种间多样性进入更合适的地区方面可能不太有效。避难所的多样性增加可能是早期就地多样化的结果。在诸如安纳托利亚这样的避难所具有悠久而复杂的地质历史的情况下，可能需要重新评估归因于冰川被迫撤退遗产的种间多样性。这些结果强调了从时间角度考虑物种积累以充分解释当今生物多样性模式的重要性。行动：H2020-MSCA-ITN-2014，首字母缩写词：PRIDE，授权协议编号：642973。但重点 冰河时代在迫使温带水生种间多样性进入更合适的区域方面可能不太有效。避难所的多样性增加可能是早期就地多样化的结果。在诸如安纳托利亚这样的避难所具有悠久而复杂的地质历史的情况下，可能需要重新评估归因于冰川被迫撤退遗产的种间多样性。这些结果强调了从时间角度考虑物种积累以充分解释当今生物多样性模式的重要性。行动：H2020-MSCA-ITN-2014，首字母缩写词：PRIDE，授权协议编号：642973。但重点 冰河时代在迫使温带水生种间多样性进入更合适的区域方面可能不太有效。避难所的多样性增加可能是早期就地多样化的结果。在诸如安纳托利亚这样的避难所具有悠久而复杂的地质历史的情况下，可能需要重新评估归因于冰川被迫撤退遗产的种间多样性。这些结果强调了从时间角度考虑物种积累以充分解释当今生物多样性模式的重要性。行动：H2020-MSCA-ITN-2014，首字母缩写词：PRIDE，授权协议编号：642973。在诸如安纳托利亚这样的避难所具有悠久而复杂的地质历史的情况下，可能需要重新评估归因于冰川被迫撤退遗产的种间多样性。这些结果强调了从时间角度考虑物种积累以充分解释当今生物多样性模式的重要性。行动：H2020-MSCA-ITN-2014，首字母缩写词：PRIDE，授权协议编号：642973。在诸如安纳托利亚这样的避难所具有悠久而复杂的地质历史的情况下，可能需要重新评估归因于冰川被迫撤退遗产的种间多样性。这些结果强调了从时间角度考虑物种积累以充分解释当今生物多样性模式的重要性。行动：H2020-MSCA-ITN-2014，首字母缩写词：PRIDE，授权协议编号：642973。