多年来，由于气候变化直接或间接影响了农业部门的水和能源消耗，全球温度一直在上升。覆盖措施的应用减少了土壤的蒸发，节约了土壤的水分，抑制了杂草的生长，控制了土壤的结构和温度，影响了土壤中的微生物，并且在美学上令人愉悦。这项研究回顾了189篇已发表的研究论文，这些论文描述了各种覆盖材料和方法对土壤和环境的影响，影响了作物的生产力。本文介绍了不同覆盖材料和方法对土壤热液环境的影响程度。必须了解在各种覆盖条件下控制土壤环境的过程，以及覆盖材料对农作物产量，生产力和水分利用效率的影响。这些覆盖的问题是本综述研究的主要关注点。塑料覆盖材料在控制土壤环境和增加农作物产量方面比有机覆盖材料具有更大的重要性。但是，有机覆盖材料便宜且环境友好。但是，适当的覆盖材料的选择取决于作物类型，作物管理实践和气候条件。低成本生物可降解覆盖材料对小气候变化，土壤生物，土壤肥力，农作物生长和农作物产量的影响尚需进一步研究。这些覆盖的问题是本综述研究的主要关注点。塑料覆盖材料在控制土壤环境和增加农作物产量方面比有机覆盖材料具有更大的重要性。但是，有机覆盖材料便宜且环境友好。但是，适当的覆盖材料的选择取决于作物类型，作物管理实践和气候条件。低成本生物可降解覆盖材料对小气候变化，土壤生物，土壤肥力，农作物生长和农作物产量的影响尚需进一步研究。这些覆盖的问题是本综述研究的主要关注点。塑料覆盖材料在控制土壤环境和增加农作物产量方面比有机覆盖材料具有更大的重要性。但是，有机覆盖材料便宜且环境友好。但是，根据作物类型，作物管理实践和气候条件来选择合适的覆盖材料。低成本生物可降解覆盖材料对小气候变化，土壤生物区系，土壤肥力，作物生长和作物产量的影响尚需进一步研究。但是，适当的覆盖材料的选择取决于作物类型，作物管理实践和气候条件。低成本生物可降解覆盖材料对小气候变化，土壤生物，土壤肥力，农作物生长和农作物产量的影响尚需进一步研究。但是，适当的覆盖材料的选择取决于作物类型，作物管理实践和气候条件。低成本生物可降解覆盖材料对小气候变化，土壤生物，土壤肥力，农作物生长和农作物产量的影响尚需进一步研究。
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Recent advances in mulching materials and methods for modifying soil environment
The global temperature has been increasing over the years due to climate change that, directly or indirectly, affects water and energy consumptions in the agriculture sector. The application of mulching practices reduces soil evaporation, conserves soil moisture, suppresses weed growth, controls soil structure and temperature, influences soil micro-organisms, and is aesthetically pleasing. This study has reviewed 189 published research papers, which described the effects of various mulching materials and methods on soil and environment that influence crop productivity. This paper describes the extent of influence of different mulching materials and methods on the hydrothermal environment of soils. It is imperative to know the processes that control soil environments under various mulching conditions and the effects of mulching materials on crop yield, productivity and water use efficiency. These issues of mulching are the prime concerns of this review study. Plastic mulching materials have a greater importance than the organic ones to control soil environment and increase crop yield. But, the organic mulching materials are inexpensive and environment friendly. The selection of an appropriate mulching material is, however, guided by crop type, crop management practices and climatic conditions. Future research is needed on the effects of low-cost biodegradable mulching materials on microclimate modifications, soil biota, soil fertility, crop growth and crop yields.
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