反粒子等效原理及其局限性,International Journal of Modern Physics A

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反粒子等效原理及其局限性
International Journal of Modern Physics A ( IF 1.4 ) Pub Date : 2019-10-24 , DOI: 10.1142/s0217751x1950180x
U. D. Jentschura ₁

Affiliation

我们基于引力中心场问题和一般弯曲的时空背景研究引力耦合狄拉克方程的粒子-反粒子对称性。首先，我们在 Foldy-Wouthuysen 变换的帮助下研究中心场问题。这将粒子从反粒子解中解开，并导致惯性质量和引力质量的“匹配关系”，这对粒子和反粒子都有效。其次，我们通过对电荷共轭离散对称下引力耦合狄拉克方程的行为的一般研究来补充这一推导，这相当于粒子[公式：见正文]反粒子变换。讨论了由于量子涨落引起的爱因斯坦等效原理的局限性。在量子力学中，关于在宇宙中何时何地进行实验的问题只能在海森堡不确定性原理所暗示的限制范围内得到回答，质疑爱因斯坦等价原理的原始公式中的假设。此外，在某种程度的准确度下，不可能将非引力实验与引力实验区分开来，从而导致进一步的限制。

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Equivalence principle for antiparticles and its limitations

We investigate the particle–antiparticle symmetry of the gravitationally coupled Dirac equation, both on the basis of the gravitational central-field problem and in general curved space–time backgrounds. First, we investigate the central-field problem with the help of a Foldy–Wouthuysen transformation. This disentangles the particle from the antiparticle solutions, and leads to a “matching relation” of the inertial and the gravitational mass, which is valid for both particles as well as antiparticles. Second, we supplement this derivation by a general investigation of the behavior of the gravitationally coupled Dirac equation under the discrete symmetry of charge conjugation, which is tantamount to a particle[Formula: see text]antiparticle transformation. Limitations of the Einstein equivalence principle due to quantum fluctuations are discussed. In quantum mechanics, the question of where and when in the Universe an experiment is being performed can only be answered up to the limitations implied by Heisenberg’s Uncertainty Principle, questioning an assumption made in the original formulation of the Einstein equivalence principle. Furthermore, at some level of accuracy, it becomes impossible to separate nongravitational from gravitational experiments, leading to further limitations.

更新日期：2019-10-24

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