Background: The main objective of this study was to isolate fungi associated with Anthopleura xanthogrammica and measure their antimicrobial and enzymatic activities. A total of 93 fungal strains associated with A. xanthogrammica were isolated in this study, of which 32 isolates were identified using both morphological characteristics and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequence analysis. The antibacterial activities of 32 fungal isolates were tested against Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Edwardsiella tarda, Vibrio harveyi, Fusarium oxysporum , and Pyricularia oryzae by agar diffusion assay. Extracellular hydrolytic enzyme activities of the fungal isolates were determined by agar diffusion assays. Enzyme activities were detected from clear halo size. Results: The isolated fungi belonged to 18 genera within 7 taxonomic orders of 1 phylum. The genera Aspergillaceae were the most diverse and common. The antimicrobial activities of 32 isolates were evaluated, and 19 (59.4%) of fungi isolate displayed unique antimicrobial activities. All fungal strains displayed at least one enzyme activity. The most common enzyme activities in the fungi isolates were amylase and protease, while the least common were pectinase and xylanase. Conclusions: This is first report on the sea anemone-derived fungi with antimicrobial and enzyme activities. Results indicated that sea anemone is a hot spot of fungal diversity and a rich resource of bioactive natural products. Normal 0 false false false EN-US X-NONE X-NONE /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Tabla normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin-top:0cm; mso-para-margin-right:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:8.0pt; mso-para-margin-left:0cm; line-height:107%; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;}

中文翻译：

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与海葵 Anthopleura xanthogrammica 相关的可培养真菌的多样性和抗菌活性

背景：本研究的主要目的是分离与 Anthopleura xanthogrammica 相关的真菌并测量它们的抗菌和酶活性。本研究共分离出 93 株与 A. xanthogrammica 相关的真菌菌株，其中 32 株通过形态特征和内部转录间隔区 (ITS) 序列分析被鉴定出来。采用琼脂扩散法检测了32株真菌分离株对枯草芽孢杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌、迟发爱德华氏菌、哈维弧菌、尖孢镰刀菌和稻瘟病菌的抗菌活性。真菌分离物的细胞外水解酶活性通过琼脂扩散测定法测定。从清晰的晕圈大小检测酶活性。结果：分离出的真菌属于1门7个分类目内的18个属。曲霉属是最多样化和最常见的。评估了 32 个分离株的抗菌活性，19 个（59.4%）真菌分离株显示出独特的抗菌活性。所有真菌菌株都显示出至少一种酶活性。真菌分离物中最常见的酶活性是淀粉酶和蛋白酶，而最不常见的是果胶酶和木聚糖酶。结论：这是首次报道具有抗菌和酶活性的海葵衍生真菌。结果表明，海葵是真菌多样性的热点和生物活性天然产物的丰富资源。正常 0 false false false EN-US X-NONE X-NONE /* 样式定义 */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Tabla normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow：是；mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin-top:0cm; mso-para-margin-right:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:8.0pt; mso-para-margin-left:0cm; 行高：107%；mso-分页：寡妇孤儿；字体大小：11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;} 寡妇孤儿；字体大小：11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;} 寡妇孤儿；字体大小：11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;}