High demand for green ecosystems has urged the human community to reconsider and revamp the traditional way of synthesis of several compounds. Ammonia (NH₃) is one such compound whose applications have been extended from fertilizers to explosives and is still being synthesized using the high energy inhaling Haber‐Bosch process. Carbon free electrocatalytic nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR) is considered as a potential replacement for the Haber‐Bosch method. However, it has few limitations such as low N₂ adsorption, selectivity (competitive HER reactions), low yield rate etc. Since it is at the early stage, tremendous efforts have been devoted in understanding the reaction mechanism and screening of the electrocatalysts and electrolytes. In this review, the electrocatalysts are classified based on the periodic table with heat maps of Faraday efficiency and yield rate of NH₃ in NRR and their electrocatalytic properties toward NRR are discussed. Also, the activity of each element is discussed and short tables and concise graphs are provided to enable the researchers to understand recent progress on each element. At the end, a perspective is provided on countering the current challenges in NRR. This review may act as handbook for basic NRR understandings, recent progress in NRR, and the design and development of advanced electrocatalysts and systems.

中文翻译：

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用于电催化氮还原的周期性元素的探索与研究。

对绿色生态系统的高需求促使人类社区重新考虑和改造几种化合物的传统合成方法。氨（NH ₃）是一种这样的化合物，其应用已从肥料扩展到炸药，并且仍使用高能吸入Haber-Bosch工艺合成。无碳电催化氮还原反应（NRR）被认为是Haber-Bosch方法的潜在替代品。但是，它具有一些局限性，例如低N ₂吸附，选择性（竞争性HER反应），低产率等。由于它处于早期阶段，因此人们在了解反应机理以及筛选电催化剂和电解质方面付出了巨大的努力。在这篇综述中，根据周期表对电催化剂进行了分类，该周期表具有法拉第效率和NH _3的产率的热图。讨论了在NRR中的应用及其对NRR的电催化性能。此外，还讨论了每个元素的活动，并提供了简短的表格和简明图表，以使研究人员能够了解每个元素的最新进展。最后，提出了应对NRR当前挑战的观点。这篇综述可以作为基本的NRR理解，NRR的最新进展以及高级电催化剂和系统的设计和开发的手册。