In the present study, we analyzed a unique phytophysiognomy in the Amazon region, which is formed by savanna-like vegetation on iron-rich soil (known locally as canga) located within an iron-ore mining region. We used the habitat template theory to test the hypothesis that changes in the physical-chemical properties of streams and the physical structure of their habitats at in-stream and micro-basin (landscape) levels affect the taxonomic and trophic composition of immature aquatic insects. For this, we used a local environmental matrix composed of nine physical-chemical and structural habitat variables, together with the Habitat Integrity Index. We also calculated landscape metrics based on the area of the micro-basin, such as relief, slope, mean current flow, and vegetation cover. We divided the aquatic insects into five functional feeding groups based on their diet and food sources. Our results indicate that changes in the trophic level of the insects of the orders Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, and Trichoptera are more easily observed than the taxonomic structure of communities. The loss of environmental integrity and vegetation cover were responsible for 84% of the variation observed in the composition of functional feeding groups (FFGs). Our study shows that aquatic insect communities in the canga and in the Amazon regions dominated by forest require specific in-stream and landscape conditions. These findings reinforce the need for the preservation of areas of canga vegetation, which not only have a unique levels of biological diversity, but are also targeted for the exploitation of their economically valuable natural resources.

在本研究中，我们分析了亚马逊地区独特的植物地貌，它是由富含铁的土壤（当地称为canga）上的稀树草原状植被形成的。) 位于铁矿开采区内。我们使用栖息地模板理论来检验以下假设：溪流的物理化学特性及其栖息地在河内和微流域（景观）水平的物理结构的变化会影响未成熟水生昆虫的分类和营养组成。为此，我们使用了由九个物理化学和结构栖息地变量组成的当地环境矩阵，以及栖息地完整性指数。我们还根据微盆地的面积计算了景观指标，例如地势、坡度、平均水流和植被覆盖。我们根据它们的饮食和食物来源将水生昆虫分为五个功能性饲养组。我们的研究结果表明，蜉蝣目、全翅目、和毛翅目比群落的分类结构更容易观察。环境完整性和植被覆盖的丧失是功能性饲养组 (FFG) 组成中观察到的 84% 变化的原因。我们的研究表明，水生昆虫群落坎加和以森林为主的亚马逊地区需要特定的河流和景观条件。这些发现加强了保护坎加植被区的必要性，这些植被区不仅具有独特的生物多样性水平，而且也是开发其具有经济价值的自然资源的目标。