Fiber-type dye-sensitized solar cell (FDSC) is considered as the most promising energy generation device for soft electronics, due to flexible and drivable natures under indoor weak dim light. In this work, a novel TiO₂ microcone/TiO₂ peanut structure (TMC/PN) is fabricated on Ti wire using anodization and hydrothermal processes as photoanode for FDSC. Different hydrothermal durations are applied on depositing different amounts and sizes of PN on TMC photoanode. The optimized TMC/PN photoanode is fabricated using 4 h for hydrothermal process to grow PN on TMC. The TiO₂ precursor concentration is optimized to refine performance of FDSC with TMC/PN photoanode. The optimized FDSC is obtained by using 4 ml titanium isopropoxide (TTIP) in hydrothermal precursor. The highest open-circuit voltage of 0.67 V and photocurrent density of 11.27 mA/cm², and photo-to-electricity conversion efficiency of 4.37% are achieved for the FDSC with TMC/PN photoanode fabricated using 4 h and 4 ml TTIP for the hydrothermal process. This FDSC also shows the smallest charge-transfer resistance and largest charge collection efficiency, as respectively measured by using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and intensity modulated photocurrent/photovoltage spectroscopy. This work demonstrates the feasibility of enhancing photovoltaic performance of FDSC by efficiently modifying the photoanode.