Chemical Engineering Journal ( IF 13.3 ) Pub Date : 2020-09-17 , DOI: 10.1016/j.cej.2020.127036 Fanghua Li 1, 2 , Max J Hülsey 2 , Ning Yan 2 , Yanjun Dai 3 , Chi-Hwa Wang 1, 2
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Key challenges for the application of biodiesel include their high acid value, high viscosity, and low ester content. It is essential to develop later-generation biodiesel from unexploited non-food resources for a more sustainable future. Reuse of biowaste is critically important to address these issues of food safety and sustainability. Thus, the co-transesterification of waste cooking oil (WCO), algal oil (AO) and dimethyl carbonate (DMC) for the synthesis of fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) was investigated over a series of nanoparticle catalysts containing calcium, magnesium, potassium or nickel under mild reaction conditions. Nanoparticle catalyst samples were prepared from biowaste sources of chicken manure (CM), water hyacinth (WH) and algal bloom (AB), and characterized using XRD, Raman and FESEM techniques for the heterogeneous production of biodiesel. The catalyst was initially prepared by calcination at 850°C for 4 h in a major presence of CaxMgyCO3, KCl and K2CO3. The WCO and AO co-conversion of 98% and FAMEs co-selectivity of 95% were obtained over CM nanoparticle catalyst under the reaction conditions of 80 °C, 20 mins and DMC to oil molar ratio of 6:1 with 3% catalyst loading and 3% methanol addition. Under the optimum condition, the density, viscosity, and cetane number of the biodiesel were in the range of diesel standards. Nanoparticle catalysts have been proven as a promising sustainable material in the catalytic transesterification of WCO and AO with the major presence of calcium, magnesium and potassium. This study highlights a sustainable approach via biowaste utilization for the enhancement of biodiesel quality with high ester content, low acid value, high cetane number, and low viscosity.
中文翻译:
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废食用油,藻油和碳酸二甲酯在可持续的纳米颗粒催化剂上进行共酯交换。
生物柴油的应用面临的主要挑战包括其高酸值,高粘度和低酯含量。必须利用未开发的非食品资源开发下一代生物柴油,以实现更可持续的未来。对于解决食品安全和可持续性这些问题,生物废物的再利用至关重要。因此,在一系列含有钙,镁,钾的纳米颗粒催化剂上,研究了废食用油(WCO),藻油(AO)和碳酸二甲酯(DMC)的共酯交换反应,以合成脂肪酸甲酯(FAME)。或镍在温和的反应条件下。纳米颗粒催化剂样品是从鸡粪(CM),水葫芦(WH)和藻华(AB)的生物废物来源制备的,并使用XRD进行了表征,拉曼和FESEM技术用于生物柴油的异质生产。最初通过在主要存在Ca的情况下在850°C煅烧4小时来制备催化剂x Mg y CO 3,KCl和K 2 CO 3。在80°C,20分钟和DMC与油的摩尔比为6:1和3%催化剂负载的反应条件下,通过CM纳米颗粒催化剂获得的WCO和AO共转化率为98%,FAMEs的选择性为95%和3%的甲醇添加。在最佳条件下,生物柴油的密度,粘度和十六烷值均在柴油标准范围内。纳米颗粒催化剂已被证明是WCO和AO催化酯交换反应中最有希望的可持续材料,主要存在钙,镁和钾。这项研究强调了通过利用生物废物来提高生物柴油质量的可持续方法,该技术具有较高的酯含量,较低的酸值,较高的十六烷值和较低的粘度。