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Post‐hatching growth of the limbs in an altricial bird species
Veterinary Medicine and Science ( IF 1.8 ) Pub Date : 2020-09-16 , DOI: 10.1002/vms3.357 Jianjian Yan 1 , Zihui Zhang 1
Veterinary Medicine and Science ( IF 1.8 ) Pub Date : 2020-09-16 , DOI: 10.1002/vms3.357 Jianjian Yan 1 , Zihui Zhang 1
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The fore‐ and hindlimbs of birds are specialized to perform different functions. The growth patterns of limb bones and their relationship with the ontogeny of locomotion are critical to our understanding of variation in morphological, physiological and life‐history traits within and among species. Unfortunately, the ontogenetic development of limb bones has not been well explored, especially in altricial birds. In this study, we sampled the entire measurements of the pigeon (Columba livia) of individual skeletons, to investigate the ontogenetic allometry of limb bones by reduced major axis regression. The ulna and humerus were found to be positively allometric in relation to body mass, with the ulna growing more rapidly than the humerus. Together with previous data, this suggests that strong positive allometric growth in forelimb bones could be a common trend among diverse Carinatae groups. Hindlimb was dominated by positive allometry, but was variable in the growth of the tarsometatarsus which included three allometric patterns. A greater dorsoventral diameter in the midsection of the humerus and ulna confers superior bending resistance and is ideal for flapping/gliding flight. Shape variation in the midsection of different hindlimb components reflects different mechanical loading, and the markedly inverse trend between the tibiotarsus and tarsometatarsus before 28 days of age also suggests loading change before fledging. Before fledging, the growth of the leg bones was prior to that of the wing bones. This kind of asynchronous development of the fore‐ and hindlimbs was associated with the establishment and improvement of different functions, and with shifts in the importance of different functions over time.
中文翻译：
一种候鸟物种的四肢孵化后生长
鸟类的前肢和后肢专门执行不同的功能。四肢骨骼的生长模式及其与运动个体发育的关系对于我们理解物种内部和物种间形态、生理和生活史特征的变化至关重要。不幸的是，四肢骨骼的个体发育尚未得到很好的探索，尤其是在候鸟中。在这项研究中，我们对鸽子的整个测量结果进行了采样（Columba livia) 的个体骨骼，通过减少的长轴回归研究肢体骨骼的个体发育异速生长。发现尺骨和肱骨相对于体重呈正异速生长，尺骨比肱骨生长得更快。与之前的数据一起，这表明前肢骨骼的强烈正异速生长可能是不同 Carinatae 群体的共同趋势。后肢以正异速生长为主，但跗跖骨的生长是可变的，包括三种异速生长模式。肱骨和尺骨中部较大的背腹直径赋予了卓越的抗弯曲性，是扑翼/滑翔飞行的理想选择。不同后肢部件中部的形状变化反映了不同的机械负荷，28 日龄前胫骨和跗跖骨之间的明显相反趋势也表明羽化前的负荷变化。在羽化之前，腿骨的生长先于翼骨的生长。这种前肢和后肢的异步发育与不同功能的建立和改善以及不同功能的重要性随时间的变化有关。
更新日期：2020-09-16
中文翻译：
一种候鸟物种的四肢孵化后生长
鸟类的前肢和后肢专门执行不同的功能。四肢骨骼的生长模式及其与运动个体发育的关系对于我们理解物种内部和物种间形态、生理和生活史特征的变化至关重要。不幸的是，四肢骨骼的个体发育尚未得到很好的探索，尤其是在候鸟中。在这项研究中，我们对鸽子的整个测量结果进行了采样（Columba livia) 的个体骨骼，通过减少的长轴回归研究肢体骨骼的个体发育异速生长。发现尺骨和肱骨相对于体重呈正异速生长，尺骨比肱骨生长得更快。与之前的数据一起，这表明前肢骨骼的强烈正异速生长可能是不同 Carinatae 群体的共同趋势。后肢以正异速生长为主，但跗跖骨的生长是可变的，包括三种异速生长模式。肱骨和尺骨中部较大的背腹直径赋予了卓越的抗弯曲性，是扑翼/滑翔飞行的理想选择。不同后肢部件中部的形状变化反映了不同的机械负荷，28 日龄前胫骨和跗跖骨之间的明显相反趋势也表明羽化前的负荷变化。在羽化之前，腿骨的生长先于翼骨的生长。这种前肢和后肢的异步发育与不同功能的建立和改善以及不同功能的重要性随时间的变化有关。
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