Elastic biomass aerogels have attracted widespread attention but are seriously hindered by environmentally unfriendly cross-linkers and fire hazards for functional applications. This study outlines the fabrication of a fully bio-based, low fire-hazard and superelastic aerogel without any cross-linkers for excellent thermal insulation and oil absorption, via creating highly oriented wave-shaped layer microstructures and subsequently depositing nonflammable siloxane coating on the surface of the aerogel skeleton. The resultant environmental-safety aerogel showed the combined advantages of anisotropic super-elasticity, hydrophobicity, low density and high flame retardancy (limiting oxygen index value of 42%, UL-94 V-0 rating, and extremely low heat release), thus leading to many benefits for solving environmental hazards. For instance, this fire-safety biomass aerogel can be used as the high-performance thermal insulator with low thermal conductivity and high shielding efficiency. The aerogel also exhibited a great selectively oil clean-up absorption with a high absorption capacity of 117 times its own weight and excellent recyclability. Especially, due to the highly oriented microstructures, the aerogel as a filter showed the fastest separation rates of oil/water mixture (flux rate of 145.78 L h^-1 g^-1) ever reported. Such a method of preparing super-elastic biomass aerogels will provide new insights into their multifunctional applications with high environmental safety.

弹性生物质气凝胶已引起广泛关注，但因环境不友好的交联剂和功能应用中的火灾隐患而受到严重阻碍。这项研究概述了通过完全形成生物基，低火灾隐患和超弹性气凝胶的制造方法，该气凝胶无需任何交联剂即可实现极好的隔热和吸油效果，方法是创建高度定向的波浪形层微结构，然后在表面上沉积不燃的硅氧烷涂层气凝胶骨架 所得的环境安全气凝胶具有各向异性的超弹性，疏水性，低密度和高阻燃性的综合优势（极限氧指数值为42％，UL-94 V-0等级和极低的散热性），因此对解决环境危害有很多好处。例如，这种防火安全的生物质气凝胶可以用作具有低导热率和高屏蔽效率的高性能绝热体。气凝胶还表现出很大的选择性油清除吸收能力，其吸收能力是其自重的117倍，并且具有出色的可回收性。特别是由于高度定向的微观结构，作为过滤器的气凝胶显示出最快的油/水混合物分离速率（通量速率为145.78 L h^-1 g ^-1）。这种制备超弹性生物质气凝胶的方法将为具有高环境安全性的多功能应用提供新见解。