坡缕石（Pal）是一种低成本的粘土矿物材料，在本研究中作为一种新型材料进行了研究，该吸附材料用于对来自巴西克拉拉卡玛朗波提瓜炼油厂（RPCC）的石油精炼馏分进行吸附脱硫。通过X射线荧光，X射线光电子能谱，X射线衍射，傅里叶变换红外光谱，扫描电子显微镜，热重分析，Zeta电位（\（\ zeta \））和N 2吸附/解吸等温线对这种粘土矿物进行了表征。分析。坡缕石的质地特性（比表面积156 m 2 g -1，总孔体积0.36 cm 3 g -1）和几种金属的比表面化学活性对于有效吸附至关重要，这表明被吸附物/吸附剂之间的相互作用主要涉及与铁物种的π络合。该材料以原始和热活化形式用于评估吸附能力。几种动力学和平衡模型用于评估实验数据。结果表明，两种吸附剂均与拟二级动力学模型高度相关（R 2 > 0.99），表明化学吸附过程是决定性的步骤。等温线数据用于评估平衡实验数据。根据Langmuir等温线（R 2 > 0.97）计算的最大吸附容量为6.25 mg g -1318 K时，S-化合物的吸附热力学评估表明吸热过程，因此在较高温度下自发性增加。Raw-Pal吸附剂在实际柴油中吸附硫化合物方面显示出良好的潜力。坡缕石在自然界中是一种丰富的粘土矿物，对环境安全且在吸附和催化过程中的应用可能性很高，因此脱颖而出。
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Novel application for palygorskite clay mineral: a kinetic and thermodynamic assessment of diesel fuel desulfurization
Palygorskite (Pal) is a low-cost clay mineral material and was investigated in this study as a novel material for adsorptive desulfurization of petroleum refining fractions from the Clara Camarão Potiguar Refinery (RPCC) in Brazil. This clay mineral was characterized by X-ray fluorescence, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, thermogravimetry, zeta potential (\(\zeta\)) and N2 adsorption/desorption isotherm analyses. Palygorskite textural properties (specific surface area 156 m2 g−1, total pore volume 0.36 cm3 g−1) and specific surface chemistry activity with several metals were crucial to efficient adsorption, proposing that an interaction between adsorbate/adsorbent involves π-complexation mainly with Fe species. This material was used in raw and thermally activated forms to evaluate the adsorption capacity. Several kinetic and equilibrium models were used to assess the experimental data. The results showed high correlation to the pseudo-second order kinetic model for both adsorbents (R2 > 0.99), suggesting a chemisorption process as the determining step. Isotherm data were used to evaluate the equilibrium experimental data. Maximum adsorption capacity calculated from the Langmuir isotherm (R2 > 0.97) was 6.25 mg g−1 for raw-Pal at 318 K. The adsorption thermodynamic assessment of S-compounds indicated an endothermic process, and there was consequently an increase in spontaneity at higher temperatures. The adsorbent raw-Pal displayed good potential in the adsorption of sulfur compounds in real diesel fuel. Palygorskite stands out for being an abundant clay mineral in nature, environmentally safe, and with high possibility of its applications in adsorption and catalysis processes.
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