Stroke seriously threatens human health because of its characteristics of high morbidity, disability, recurrence, and mortality, thus representing a heavy financial and mental burden to affected families and society. Many preclinical effective drugs end in clinical-translation failure. Animal models are an important approach for studying diseases and drug effects, and play a central role in biomedical research. Some details about animal models of cerebral ischemia have not been published, such as left-/right-sided lesions or permanent cerebral ischemia/cerebral ischemia–reperfusion. In this review, ischemia in the left- and right-hemisphere in patients with clinical stroke and preclinical studies were compared for the first time, as were the mechanisms of permanent cerebral ischemia and cerebral ischemia–reperfusion in different phases of the disease. The results showed that stroke in the left hemisphere was more common in clinical patients, and that most patients with stroke failed to achieve successful recanalization. Significant differences were detected between permanent cerebral ischemia and cerebral ischemia–reperfusion models in the early, subacute, and recovery phases. Therefore, it is recommended that, with the exception of the determined experimental purpose or drug mechanism, left-sided permanent cerebral ischemia animal models should be prioritized, as they would be more in line with the clinical scenario and would promote clinical translation. In addition, other details regarding the preoperative management, surgical procedures, and postoperative care of these animals are provided, to help establish a precise, effective, and reproducible model of cerebral ischemia model and establish a reference for researchers in this field.

中风由于其高发病率，残疾，复发和死亡的特征而严重威胁着人类健康，从而给受影响的家庭和社会带来沉重的财务和精神负担。许多临床前有效药物以临床翻译失败而告终。动物模型是研究疾病和药物作用的重要方法，并且在生物医学研究中发挥着核心作用。关于脑缺血的动物模型的一些细节尚未公开，例如左/右侧病变或永久性脑缺血/脑缺血再灌注。在本评价中，首次比较了临床卒中患者和临床前研究患者左半球和右半球的缺血，以及在疾病的不同阶段发生永久性脑缺血和脑缺血再灌注的机制。结果显示，左半球卒中在临床患者中更为常见，大多数卒中患者均无法成功实现再通。在早期，亚急性和恢复阶段，发现永久性脑缺血与脑缺血再灌注模型之间存在显着差异。因此，建议除了确定的实验目的或药物机制外，还应优先考虑左侧永久性脑缺血动物模型，因为它们将更符合临床情况并促进临床翻译。此外，有关术前处理，手术程序，