Activated carbon from lemon wood (AC) and ZnO nanoparticles loaded on activated carbon (ZnO‐NP‐AC) were prepared and their efficiency for effective acid yellow 199 (AY 199) removal under various operational conditions was investigated. The dependence of removal efficiency on variables such as AY 199 concentration, amount of adsorbent and contact time was optimized using response surface methodology and Design‐Expert. ZnO nanoparticles and ZnO‐NP‐AC were studied using various techniques such as scanning electron microscopy, X‐ray diffraction and energy‐dispersive X‐ray analysis. The optimum pH was studied using one‐at‐a‐time method to achieve maximum dye removal percentage. Small amounts of the proposed adsorbents (0.025 and 0.025 g) were sufficient for successful removal of AY 199 in short times (4.0 and 4.0 min) with high adsorption capacity (85.51 and 116.29 mg g⁻¹ for AC and ZnO‐NPs‐AC, respectively). Fitting the empirical equilibrium data to several conventional isotherm models at optimum conditions indicated the appropriateness of the Langmuir model with high correlation coefficient (0.999 and 0.978 for AC and ZnO‐NPs‐AC, respectively) for representation and explanation of experimental data. Kinetics evaluation of experiments at various time intervals revealed that adsorption processes can be well predicted and fitted by pseudo‐second‐order and Elovich models. This study revealed that the combination of ZnO nanoparticles and AC following simple loading led to significant improvement in the removal process in short adsorption time which was enhanced by mixing the media via sonication.

中文翻译：

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柠檬木和负载在活性炭上的ZnO纳米颗粒制备的活性炭对酸性黄119吸附的比较研究

制备了柠檬木（AC）中的活性炭和负载在活性炭（ZnO-NP-AC）上的ZnO纳米颗粒，并研究了它们在各种操作条件下有效去除酸性黄199（AY 199）的效率。去除效率对诸如AY 199浓度，吸附剂数量和接触时间等变量的依赖性使用响应表面方法和Design-Expert进行了优化。使用扫描电子显微镜，X射线衍射和能量分散X射线分析等各种技术研究了ZnO纳米颗粒和ZnO‐NP‐AC。使用一次方法研究了最佳pH，以达到最大的染料去除率。建议的少量吸附剂（0.025和0.025 g）足以在短时间内（4.0和4.0分钟）成功去除AY 199，并具有高吸附能力（85）。^-1分别表示AC和ZnO-NPs-AC）。在最佳条件下将经验均衡数据拟合到多个常规等温线模型表明，Langmuir模型具有较高的相关系数（对于AC和ZnO-NPs-AC分别为0.999和0.978）是合适的，以表示和解释实验数据。在不同时间间隔进行的动力学评估表明，吸附过程可以通过伪二级和Elovich模型很好地预测和拟合。这项研究表明，简单加载后ZnO纳米颗粒和AC的组合可在短吸附时间内显着改善去除过程，通过超声处理混合介质可增强这种去除效果。