INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES Human external ear is a morphologically complex structure and plays a vital role in the collection of sound. The present study would provide the information regarding the shape and size of the various morphological structures of the ear in normal individuals which may help the plastic surgeons to reconstruct the anatomy of the deformed ear and the physical and forensic anthropologists to study variations and establishing its use as a biometrics. The aim of the study was the morphological examination of the ear and its features to investigate the biological variations, sex differences, bilateral variations and further attempt to provide a database of external ears of a normal north Indian population. METHODS A cross-sectional sample of 71 males and 69 females aged between 18 to 25 years were collected from Nahan city of Sirmaur District in Himachal Pradesh state of North India. Various anthroposcopic parameters were considered and evaluated through personal observation such as ear shape, form of the helix, lobule shape and its attachment to the cheeks, strength of the anti-helix, etc and were sub-divided on the basis of form, shape, elevation, etc. The SPSS statistic (IBM, Armonk, NY) software version 16 was used to evaluate the sexual dimorphism and bilateral differences. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION The frequencies of various morphological characters of the human external ear were calculated using Crosstabs. The results indicate the oval and round shaped ears were reported in 37.3%; 35.92% males and 23.92%; 38.41% females, respectively. Normally rolled helix was more frequent (73.24% in males and 84.06% in females) and possessed frequently occurring Darwin's tubercle with nodosity form (88.03% in males and 90.58% in females). Hypertrichosis was mostly present on the complete helix in case of males (66.20%). Single knob tragus (40.14% in males and 52.90% in females) and double knob tragus (33.10% in males and 36.23% in females) were found to be with higher frequency in the studied population. Partially free earlobes (53.52% in males and 46.38% in females) were more common than the attached one (38.03% in males and 47.83% in females) in case of males only. The present study provides a database of morphoscopy of the external ears of North Indian population. The database may be useful in the reconstruction of the deformed ears and in the anthropological and forensic research for comparison purposes. The study may also be utilized in the prediction of ear shape and size of the studied population for facial reconstruction in forensic examinations.

中文翻译：

---

评估年轻人的人耳的形态特征。

简介和目的人的外耳是形态复杂的结构，在声音的收集中起着至关重要的作用。本研究将提供有关正常个体中耳朵各种形态结构的形状和大小的信息，这可能有助于整形外科医生重建畸形耳朵的解剖结构，并帮助物理和法医人类学家研究变异并确定其用途。作为生物特征识别。该研究的目的是对耳朵及其形态进行形态学检查，以研究生物学变异，性别差异，双侧变异，并进一步尝试提供北印度正常人群的外耳数据库。方法从印度北部喜马al尔邦纳罕市的西尔莫尔区的纳罕市西尔马乌尔地区收集了71例男性和69例女性的横断面样本。通过个人观察来考虑和评估各种人体镜参数，例如耳形，螺旋形，小叶形及其在脸颊上的附着力，抗螺旋形的强度等，并根据形状，形状，使用SPSS统计信息（IBM，Armonk，NY）软件版本16评估性别二态性和双侧差异。结果与结论使用Crosstabs计算了人外耳各种形态特征的频率。结果表明，椭圆形和圆形耳朵的报告率为37.3％；男性为35.92％，男性为2​​3.92％；女性分别为38.41％。正常滚动的螺旋线更常见（男性为73.24％，女性为84.06％），并经常出现结节状的达尔文结节（男性为88.03％，女性为90.58％）。在男性的完整螺旋中，多发性增生多见（66.20％）。在研究人群中发现单knob子耳屏（男性为40.14％，女性为52.90％）和双double子耳屏（男性为33.10％，女性为36.23％）。仅在男性的情况下，部分游离的耳垂（男性为53.52％，女性为46.38％）比附属的一个（男性为38.03％，女性为47.83％）更为常见。本研究提供了北印度人口外耳的形态学数据库。该数据库可能在畸形耳朵的重建以及人类学和法医研究中用于比较目的。该研究还可用于法医检查中面部重建的预测所研究人群的耳朵形状和大小。