In this paper it is demonstrated that the precise physical nature of the Dember effect is a concentration gradient of nonequilibrium carriers under nonuniform illumination. We used the fact that any photo‐EMF (electromotive force) can only exist in the presence of nonequilibrium charge carriers, when there are two different Fermi quasilevels. That is why the Dember EMF (as the photo‐EMF of any nature ) is not identified as a voltage drop arising between the device contacts in open circuit. Moreover, a correct definition of the EMF is only possible if the problem is solved in a closed circuit. It is shown that the Dember EMF does not depend on the difference of electron‐to‐hole diffusion coefficients and it is not linked to ambipolar diffusion. Additionally, it is found that the sign of the EMF depends on the ratio between the recombination rates on the contacts, which can be detected from the spectral characteristic of the Dember EMF.

中文翻译：

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Dember效果的新颖方法

本文证明了Dember效应的精确物理性质是在非均匀光照下非平衡载流子的浓度梯度。我们利用了这样一个事实，即当存在两个不同的费米准能级时，任何光电动势（EMF）只能在存在非平衡电荷载流子的情况下存在。这就是为什么不能将Dember EMF（作为任何性质的光电动势）标识为开路时设备触点之间产生的电压降。此外，只有在闭合电路中解决问题后，才可能正确定义EMF。结果表明，Dember EMF并不取决于电子至空穴扩散系数的差异，并且与双极性扩散无关。另外，