Whole-organ pancreas and islet transplantations are performed in a highly selected group of patients with diabetes mellitus, primarily those with type 1 diabetes mellitus, complicated by recurrent severe hypoglycaemia or renal failure requiring kidney transplantation. Clinical accessibility to pancreases or islets, and patient characteristics and therapeutic goals, may dictate choice of procedure. Pancreas transplantation is most often performed simultaneous with a kidney transplant, but patients with particularly labile type 1 diabetes may be considered for a pancreas transplant alone. While highly successful at restoring insulin independence, pancreas transplants carry the significant risks of major surgery and immunosuppression. Islet transplantation is a relatively minor procedure, usually performed for labile type 1 diabetes with severe hypoglycaemia. It is highly successful at resolving hypoglycaemia, but more than one pancreas donor may be required for insulin independence. Both pancreas and islet transplantation are limited in applicability by a paucity of deceased donors. Pigs provide one promising replenishable source of islets. Porcine islets can successfully reverse diabetes mellitus in non-human primates under the appropriate immunosuppressive conditions, with promise for eventually translating this success to a larger population of patients with diabetes mellitus in the future.

全器官胰腺和胰岛移植是在经过严格挑选的糖尿病患者组中进行的，主要是那些患有 1 型糖尿病、并发复发性严重低血糖或需要肾移植的肾功能衰竭的患者。胰腺或胰岛的临床可及性以及患者特征和治疗目标可能会决定手术的选择。胰腺移植最常与肾移植同时进行，但特别不稳定的 1 型糖尿病患者可以考虑单独进行胰腺移植。虽然在恢复胰岛素独立性方面非常成功，但胰腺移植手术也存在重大手术和免疫抑制的风险。胰岛移植是一个相对较小的程序，通常用于伴有严重低血糖的不稳定 1 型糖尿病患者。它在解决低血糖方面非常成功，但可能需要一个以上的胰腺供体才能独立于胰岛素。胰腺和胰岛移植都因缺乏已故捐献者而在适用性上受到限制。猪提供了一种有希望的可补充胰岛来源。在适当的免疫抑制条件下，猪胰岛可以成功逆转非人类灵长类动物的糖尿病，并有望在未来将这一成功转化为更多的糖尿病患者。猪提供了一种有希望的可补充胰岛来源。在适当的免疫抑制条件下，猪胰岛可以成功逆转非人类灵长类动物的糖尿病，并有望在未来将这一成功转化为更多的糖尿病患者。猪提供了一种有希望的可补充胰岛来源。在适当的免疫抑制条件下，猪胰岛可以成功逆转非人类灵长类动物的糖尿病，并有望在未来将这一成功转化为更多的糖尿病患者。