Microplastics and pesticides are identified as two environmental pollutants that have an adverse impact on the environment. The knowledge about the combined exposure of pesticides and microplastics may facilitate further assessment of their ecotoxicity. In this study, we investigated joint effects of microplastic and dufulin on bioaccumulation, oxidative stress and metabolic profile of the earthworm. Bioaccumulation analysis showed that the bio-soil accumulation factor of dufulin in earthworms reached its maximum value on the 14th day, and microplastics could significantly increase the bioaccumulation of dufulin in earthworms. Biochemical analysis showed that the oxidative damage of earthworms could be observed on the 14th day of the exposure to dufulin, while the oxidative damage of earthworms could be observed on the 7th day of the combined exposure to microplastics and dufulin, and it could still be observed on the 14th day. 1H-NMR-based metabolomics revealed that the exposure of dufulin significantly altered the relative abundances of 14 metabolites and two metabolic pathways, but the combined exposure of dufulin and microplastics significantly changed the relative abundances of 21 metabolites and three metabolic pathways. It could be seen that microplastics could aggravate the oxidative damage and the interference with the metabolic profile caused by dufulin to earthworms. The results of this study could provide effective information for the risk assessment of dufulin and microplastic in environmental safety.

中文翻译：

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微塑料和 dufulin 对蚯蚓 （Eisenia fetida） 生物积累、氧化应激和代谢特征的联合影响


微塑料和杀虫剂被确定为对环境有不利影响的两种环境污染物。关于农药和微塑料联合暴露的知识可能有助于进一步评估其生态毒性。在这项研究中，我们研究了微塑料和 dufulin 对蚯蚓生物积累、氧化应激和代谢特征的联合影响。生物累积分析表明，蚯蚓体内度福林的生物-土壤积累因子在第 14 天达到最大值，微塑料可显著提高度度甘油苷在蚯蚓体内的生物积累量。生化分析表明，蚯蚓在暴露于度福林的第 14 天可观察到蚯蚓的氧化损伤，而在微塑料和度福林联合暴露的第 7 天可观察到蚯蚓的氧化损伤，在第 14 天仍可观察到。基于 1H-NMR 的代谢组学显示，度福林暴露显著改变了 14 种代谢物和 2 种代谢途径的相对丰度，但 dufulin 和微塑料的联合暴露显著改变了 21 种代谢物和 3 种代谢途径的相对丰度。由此可见，微塑料会加剧 dufulin 对蚯蚓造成的氧化损伤和对代谢谱的干扰。本研究结果可为度扶林和微塑料在环境安全方面的风险评估提供有效信息。