Coinfecting parasites can modify fluctuating selection dynamics in host–parasite coevolution,Ecology and Evolution

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Coinfecting parasites can modify fluctuating selection dynamics in host–parasite coevolution
Ecology and Evolution ( IF 2.3 ) Pub Date : 2020-08-30 , DOI: 10.1002/ece3.6373
Otto Seppälä _{1,

2,

3} , Curtis M Lively ₄ , Jukka Jokela _{1,

2}

Affiliation

Genetically specific interactions between hosts and parasites can lead to coevolutionary fluctuations in their genotype frequencies over time. Such fluctuating selection dynamics are, however, expected to occur only under specific circumstances (e.g., high fitness costs of infection to the hosts). The outcomes of host–parasite interactions are typically affected by environmental/ecological factors, which could modify coevolutionary dynamics. For instance, individual hosts are often infected with more than one parasite species and interactions between them can alter host and parasite performance. We examined the potential effects of coinfections by genetically specific (i.e., coevolving) and nonspecific (i.e., generalist) parasite species on fluctuating selection dynamics using numerical simulations. We modeled coevolution (a) when hosts are exposed to a single parasite species that must genetically match the host to infect, (b) when hosts are also exposed to a generalist parasite that increases fitness costs to the hosts, and (c) when coinfecting parasites compete for the shared host resources. Our results show that coinfections can enhance fluctuating selection dynamics when they increase fitness costs to the hosts. Under resource competition, coinfections can either enhance or suppress fluctuating selection dynamics, depending on the characteristics (i.e., fecundity, fitness costs induced to the hosts) of the interacting parasites.

中文翻译：

共感染寄生虫可以改变宿主-寄生虫共同进化中的波动选择动态

宿主和寄生虫之间的遗传特异性相互作用可能导致其基因型频率随时间的共同进化波动。然而，这种波动的选择动态预计仅在特定情况下才会发生（例如，宿主感染的高适应性成本）。宿主与寄生虫相互作用的结果通常受到环境/生态因素的影响，这可能会改变共同进化动力学。例如，个体宿主通常感染不止一种寄生虫物种，它们之间的相互作用可以改变宿主和寄生虫的性能。我们使用数值模拟研究了遗传特异性（即共同进化）和非特异性（即通才）寄生虫物种的共同感染对波动选择动态的潜在影响。我们模拟了协同进化（a）当宿主暴露于必须与宿主基因匹配才能感染的单一寄生虫物种时，（b）当宿主也暴露于增加宿主适应成本的通用寄生虫时，以及（c）当共同感染时寄生虫竞争共享宿主资源。我们的结果表明，当同时感染增加宿主的适应成本时，它们会增强波动的选择动态。在资源竞争下，共感染可以增强或抑制波动的选择动态，具体取决于相互作用的寄生虫的特征（即繁殖力、宿主的适应成本）。

更新日期：2020-09-28

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