Lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries have great potential in next-generation energy storage due to its high theoretical specific capacity and energy density. However, there are several challenges to the practical application of Li-S batteries including the growth of lithium dendrites and the shuttle effect of polysulfide. Introducing interlayeres (freestanding or coated on the separator) is an effective approach to reduce these obstacles and improve the electrochemical performance of Li-S batteries. In this review, we briefly summarize the interlayer materials and structures modified on both cathodic and anodic sides including (i) carbon-based materials, (ii) polymers, (iii) inorganic metal compounds, (iv) metal-organic frameworks, as well as (v) the novel separators in recent years. We also systematically address the fabrication processes, assembling methods, and functions of interlayers for enhancing the performance of Li-S batteries. Furthermore, the prospects and outlooks of the future development of advanced interlayers and separators are also presented.

锂硫（Li-S）电池由于其较高的理论比容量和能量密度而在下一代储能中具有巨大潜力。然而，Li-S电池的实际应用存在若干挑战，包括锂树枝状晶体的生长和多硫化物的穿梭效应。引入中间层（独立的或涂覆在隔膜上）是减少这些障碍并改善Li-S电池电化学性能的有效方法。在这篇综述中，我们简要总结了在阴极和阳极两面都经过改性的中间层材料和结构，包括（i）碳基材料，（ii）聚合物，（iii）无机金属化合物，（iv）金属-有机骨架以及作为（v）近年来的新型隔板。我们还系统地解决了制造过程，增强Li-S电池性能的中间层的组装方法和功能。此外，还介绍了高级夹层和隔膜的未来发展前景。