甘草三萜皂苷的成分、生物活性及其增溶特性研究进展,Molecules

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甘草三萜皂苷的成分、生物活性及其增溶特性研究进展
Molecules ( IF 4.2 ) Pub Date : 2020-08-27 , DOI: 10.3390/molecules25173904
Feifei Li _{1,

2} , Bin Liu ₃ , Tong Li ₁ , Qianwen Wu ₁ , Zhiyong Xu ₄ , Yuhao Gu ₁ , Wen Li ₁ , Penglong Wang ₁ , Tao Ma ₁ , Haimin Lei _{1,

2}

Affiliation

甘草被认为是最流行和最常用的草药之一，在传统中医 (TCM) 处方中的使用已有 2000 多年的历史。五环三萜皂苷是这些植物中常见的次生代谢产物，通过类异戊二烯途径合成，产生含有亲水性糖链的疏水性三萜苷元。本文系统总结了甘草中三萜皂苷的化学结构，并对其主要生物活性研究进行了回顾和更新。进一步阐述了甘草的增溶特性、影响及机制。甘草中的三萜皂苷之所以会溶解，是因为它们含有非极性皂苷元和水溶性侧链。影响甘草增溶的可能因素主要是其他原料药和煎剂的pH值。以甘草中的甘草皂苷为代表的三萜皂苷由于具有两亲性而特征性地形成胶束，这使得增溶成为可能。该综述为更好地了解甘草及其中药配伍提供了指导，并为甘草的进一步开发利用提供了理论基础。

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Review of Constituents and Biological Activities of Triterpene Saponins from Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma and Its Solubilization Characteristics

Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma is regarded as one of the most popular and commonly used herbal medicines and has been used in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) prescriptions for over 2000 years. Pentacyclic triterpene saponins are common secondary metabolites in these plants, which are synthesized via the isoprenoid pathway to produce a hydrophobic triterpenoid aglycone containing a hydrophilic sugar chain. This paper systematically summarizes the chemical structures of triterpene saponins in Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma and reviews and updates their main biological activities studies. Furthermore, the solubilization characteristics, influences, and mechanisms of Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma are elaborated. Solubilization of the triterpene saponins from Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma occurs because they contain the nonpolar sapogenin and water-soluble sidechain. The possible factors affecting the solubilization of Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma are mainly other crude drugs and the pH of the decoction. Triterpene saponins represented by glycyrrhizin from Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma characteristically form micelles due to amphiphilicity, which makes solubilization possible. This overview provides guidance regarding a better understanding of Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma and its TCM compatibility, alongside a theoretical basis for the further development and utilization of Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma.

更新日期：2020-08-27

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