早期海胆动物的神经解剖及棘皮动物神经系统组织的比较,The Journal of Comparative Neurology

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早期海胆动物的神经解剖及棘皮动物神经系统组织的比较
The Journal of Comparative Neurology ( IF 2.3 ) Pub Date : 2020-08-25 , DOI: 10.1002/cne.25012
Laurent Formery ₁ , François Orange ₂ , Antoine Formery ₃ , Shunsuke Yaguchi ₄ , Christopher J Lowe ₅ , Michael Schubert ₁ , Jenifer C Croce ₁

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棘皮动物是海洋氘核动物的一个门，其特征是成年身体呈五向（五折）对称。由于这种不同寻常的身体结构，成年棘皮动物长期以来一直被排除在旨在了解氘核神经系统起源和进化的比较分析之外。在这里，我们研究了五个棘皮动物类中的三个代表的早期幼鱼的神经解剖学：棘皮动物Paracentrotus lividus、小行星Patiria miniata和海胆类 Parastichopus parvimensis. 使用整体免疫组织化学和共聚焦显微镜，我们发现海胆早期幼鱼的神经系统由三个主要结构组成：基底表皮神经丛、由环神经环连接的五个桡神经索和支配附属物的周围神经。我们的整个坐骑准备工作进一步使我们能够获得对这些结构和几种神经支配模式的全面描述，特别是在附件水平。此外，对海胆幼体神经系统与小行星和海参幼体神经系统的详细比较支持了所有三个物种的主要神经结构的普遍保护，包括在附属物水平。我们的结果支持先前提出的关于棘皮动物中存在两个神经单元的假设：一种由基底表皮神经丛组成，用于局部处理感觉刺激，另一种由桡神经索和周围神经组成，构成中央控制系统。本研究为更深入地比较棘皮动物成年神经系统与其他动物，特别是半脊索动物和脊索动物的神经系统提供了基础，以解决关于后口神经系统进化的长期争议。

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Neural anatomy of echinoid early juveniles and comparison of nervous system organization in echinoderms

The echinoderms are a phylum of marine deuterostomes characterized by the pentaradial (five fold) symmetry of their adult bodies. Due to this unusual body plan, adult echinoderms have long been excluded from comparative analyses aimed at understanding the origin and evolution of deuterostome nervous systems. Here, we investigated the neural anatomy of early juveniles of representatives of three of the five echinoderm classes: the echinoid Paracentrotus lividus, the asteroid Patiria miniata, and the holothuroid Parastichopus parvimensis. Using whole mount immunohistochemistry and confocal microscopy, we found that the nervous system of echinoid early juveniles is composed of three main structures: a basiepidermal nerve plexus, five radial nerve cords connected by a circumoral nerve ring, and peripheral nerves innervating the appendages. Our whole mount preparations further allowed us to obtain thorough descriptions of these structures and of several innervation patterns, in particular at the level of the appendages. Detailed comparisons of the echinoid juvenile nervous system with those of asteroid and holothuroid juveniles moreover supported a general conservation of the main neural structures in all three species, including at the level of the appendages. Our results support the previously proposed hypotheses for the existence of two neural units in echinoderms: one consisting of the basiepidermal nerve plexus to process sensory stimuli locally and one composed of the radial nerve cords and the peripheral nerves constituting a centralized control system. This study provides the basis for more in‐depth comparisons of the echinoderm adult nervous system with those of other animals, in particular hemichordates and chordates, to address the long‐standing controversies about deuterostome nervous system evolution.

更新日期：2020-08-25

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