将啮齿动物饮食分类以进行比较研究,Mammal Review

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将啮齿动物饮食分类以进行比较研究
Mammal Review ( IF 4.3 ) Pub Date : 2020-08-19 , DOI: 10.1111/mam.12214
Luis D. Verde Arregoitia ₁ , Guillermo D’Elía ₁

Affiliation

动物食用的食物反映了它们的适应性和生态作用，这使饮食成为生态，进化和古生物学研究的重要特征。啮齿动物是哺乳动物中物种最丰富的物种，并且在生态上也很多样化，它们消耗各种各样的食物。
为了将形式与功能联系起来，并在饮食和喂养的背景下研究多样化，研究人员应遵循捕获饮食组成的分类方案。
我们评估了哺乳动物的现有饮食数据集以及为啮齿动物开发的先前分类方案。为了提出合适的分类方案，我们在植物和啮齿动物的啮齿动物中定义了分割，旨在捕获饮食组成在各种食物的可及性，营养成分和消化率方面的内在差异。
我们的提案包括八类（食肉动物，叶类动物，节食动物，食肉动物，杂食动物，特种食草动物，未知动物和食肉动物），其中可以根据物种帐户和野外指南中的信息分配物种。为避免歧义，我们为每种饮食类别提供了示例和详细的标准。
对于生物学上可控的比较研究，我们要求研究人员将饮食类别用于啮齿类动物。这些类别也可以应用于其他分类学级别，也可以应用于不同的人群，性别或个体发育阶段。我们呼吁进一步研究小型哺乳动物的自然历史以及将原始数据吸收到开放数据库中。

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Classifying rodent diets for comparative research

The foods consumed by animals reflect their adaptations and ecological roles, which makes diet an important trait for ecological, evolutionary, and paleobiological research. Rodents are the most species‐rich order of mammals and are also ecologically diverse, consuming a wide range of foods.
To relate form with function, and to study diversification in the context of diet and feeding, researchers should follow classification schemes that capture diet composition.
We evaluated existing diet datasets for mammals as well as previous classification schemes developed for rodents. To propose a suitable categorical scheme, we defined splits within plant‐eating and animal‐eating rodents, aiming to capture the intrinsic differences in diet composition in terms of the accessibility, nutrient content, and digestibility of various food items.
Our proposal includes eight categories (Carnivore, Folivore, Frugivore, Granivore, Omnivore, Specialist Herbivore, Unknown, and Vermivore) in which species can be assigned with information from species accounts and field guides. To avoid ambiguity, we provide examples and detailed criteria for each diet category.
For biologically tractable comparative research, we ask researchers to use our diet categories for rodent species. The categories can also be applied at other taxonomic levels or to different populations, sexes, or ontogenetic stages. We call for further study of the natural history of small mammals and the uptake of primary data into open databases.

更新日期：2020-08-19

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