Alterations of stool metabolome, phenome, and microbiome of the marine fish, red sea bream, Pagrus major, following exposure to phenanthrene: A non-invasive approach for exposure assessment,Science of the Total Environment

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Alterations of stool metabolome, phenome, and microbiome of the marine fish, red sea bream, Pagrus major, following exposure to phenanthrene: A non-invasive approach for exposure assessment
Science of the Total Environment ( IF 8.2 ) Pub Date : 2020-08-20 , DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141796
Takeshi Hano ₁ , Mana Ito ₁ , Katsutoshi Ito ₁ , Motoharu Uchida ₁

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The present study aimed to assess the impact of phenanthrene (Phe) on fish health by addressing the alteration of fecal characteristics, in lieu of collecting biomarkers that often involves injurious or even fatal sampling of organisms. The marine fish red sea bream, Pagrus major, was exposed to Phe at a concentration of 18 μg/L for 16 days followed by depuration for 13 days. We collected feces from Phe-exposed or control (Phe-free) fish and then analyzed the fecal metabolite profile (metabolome), carbon utilization of microbiota (phenome), and bacterial 16s rRNA gene sequence (microbiome). Along with the increase in physiological stress markers (SOD and EROD) in serum and liver, we noted the possible role of intestine as a Phe reservoir. Furthermore, abnormal fecal appearance (green coloration) and remarkable changes in fecal characteristics were observed. These changes include alterations of cholesterol and putrescine metabolism and the enhanced utilization of putrescine as a carbon source. Phe also altered the microbial community, with an increase in Phe-degrading bacteria such as Pseudomonas. Interestingly, these enteric impairments were ameliorated by depuration. Taken together, our findings suggest that these alterations in feces were associated with adaptive responses to environmentally relevant Phe exposure scenarios, and that stool samples are potential candidates for exposure assessment in fish.

中文翻译：

暴露于菲后海鱼、红鲷、大鲷鱼的粪便代谢组、表型组和微生物组的改变：一种非侵入性暴露评估方法

本研究旨在通过解决粪便特性的改变来评估菲（Phe）对鱼类健康的影响，而不是收集通常涉及有害甚至致命生物样本的生物标志物。将海鱼红鲷 Pagrus major 暴露于浓度为 18 μg/L 的 Phe 中 16 d，然后净化 13 d。我们收集了暴露于 Phe 或对照（Phe-free）鱼的粪便，然后分析了粪便代谢物谱（代谢组）、微生物群的碳利用（表型组）和细菌 16s rRNA 基因序列（微生物组）。随着血清和肝脏中生理应激标志物（SOD 和 EROD）的增加，我们注意到肠道可能作为 Phe 储存库的作用。此外，观察到异常的粪便外观（绿色）和粪便特性的显着变化。这些变化包括胆固醇和腐胺代谢的改变以及腐胺作为碳源的增强利用。Phe 还改变了微生物群落，增加了 Phe 降解细菌，例如假单胞菌。有趣的是，这些肠道损伤通过净化得到改善。综上所述，我们的研究结果表明，粪便的这些改变与对环境相关的 Phe 暴露情景的适应性反应有关，并且粪便样本是鱼类暴露评估的潜在候选者。

更新日期：2020-08-20

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