Root rot caused by Cylindrocarpon destructans is one of the most devastating diseases of Panax notoginseng, and Trichoderma species are potential agents for the biocontrol of fungal diseases. Thus, we screened a total of 10 Trichoderma isolates against C. destructans and selected Trichoderma atroviride T2 as an antagonistic strain for further research. 6-Pentyl-2H-pyran-2-one (6PP) was identified as an important active metabolite in the fermentation broth of the strain and exhibited antifungal activity against C. destructans. Transcriptome and metabolome analyses showed that 6PP significantly disturbed the metabolic homeostasis of C. destructans, particularly the metabolism of amino acids. By constructing a gene coexpression network, ECHS1 was identified as the hub gene correlated with 6PP stress. 6PP significantly downregulated the expression of ECHS1 at the transcriptional level and combined with the ECHS1 protein. Autophagy occurred in C. destructans cells under 6PP stress. In conclusion, 6PP may induce autophagy in C. destructans by downregulating ECHS1 at the transcriptional level and inhibiting ECHS1 protein activity. 6PP is a potential candidate for the development of new fungicides against C. destructans.

中文翻译：

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Trichoderma atroviride T2分泌的6-Pentyl-2H-pyran-2-one对Cylindrocarpon destructans的抑制机制

由Cylindrocarpon destructans 引起的根腐病是三七最具破坏性的病害之一，而木霉属是真菌病害生物防治的潜在药剂。因此，我们总共筛选了 10 株木霉分离株，并选择了木霉 atroviride T2 作为拮抗菌株以进行进一步研究。6-Pentyl-2H-pyran-2-one (6PP) 被鉴定为该菌株发酵液中的一种重要活性代谢物，对 C. destructans 具有抗真菌活性。转录组和代谢组分析表明，6PP 显着扰乱了 C. destructans 的代谢稳态，尤其是氨基酸的代谢。通过构建基因共表达网络，ECHS1被确定为与6PP应激相关的枢纽基因。6PP 在转录水平显着下调 ECHS1 的表达，并与 ECHS1 蛋白结合。C. destructans 细胞在 6PP 胁迫下发生自噬。总之，6PP 可能通过在转录水平下调 ECHS1 和抑制 ECHS1 蛋白活性来诱导 C. destructans 自噬。6PP 是开发针对 C. destructans 的新型杀菌剂的潜在候选物。