Carbon fibers, despite being responsible lightweight structures that improve sustainability through fuel efficiency and occupational safety, remain largely derived from fossil fuels. Alternative precursors such as cellulose and lignin (bio-derived and low cost) are rapidly gaining attention as replacements for polyacrylonitrile (PAN, an oil-based and costly precursor). This study uses a cellulose-lignin composite fiber, to elucidate the influence of precursor fabrication parameters (draw ratio and lignin content) on the efficiency of stabilization and carbonization, from the perspective of the chemical, morphological and mechanical changes. The degradation of cellulose chains was the primary contributor to the decrease in mechanical properties during stabilization, but is slowed by the incorporation of lignin. The skin-core phenomenon, a typical effect in PAN-based carbon fibers production, was also observed. Finally, the carbonization of incompletely stabilized fibers is shown to produce hollow carbon fibers, which have potential application in batteries or membranes.

碳纤维尽管是负责任的轻质结构，可通过提高燃油效率和职业安全性来提高可持续性，但仍主要来自化石燃料。作为聚丙烯腈（PAN，一种油基且价格昂贵的前体）的替代品，纤维素和木质素等替代性前体（生物来源且价格低廉）正迅速受到关注。这项研究使用纤维素-木质素复合纤维，从化学，形态和机械变化的角度阐明了前体制造参数（拉伸比和木质素含量）对稳定和碳化效率的影响。纤维素链的降解是稳定过程中机械性能下降的主要原因，但由于木质素的引入而减缓了降解。皮肤核心现象，还观察到了PAN基碳纤维生产中的典型影响。最后，未完全稳定化的纤维的碳化显示会产生中空碳纤维，其在电池或隔膜中具有潜在的应用前景。