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Assessing the Limits of Sustainability for the Delépine Reaction
ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering ( IF 7.1 ) Pub Date : 2020-08-13 , DOI: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.0c05393 Andrew Jordan 1 , Shanjun Huang 1 , Helen F. Sneddon 2 , Andrew Nortcliffe 1
ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering ( IF 7.1 ) Pub Date : 2020-08-13 , DOI: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.0c05393 Andrew Jordan 1 , Shanjun Huang 1 , Helen F. Sneddon 2 , Andrew Nortcliffe 1
Affiliation
Herein, we report our efforts to improve the sustainability of the Delépine reaction for the formation of primary amines from activated alkyl halides. A number of alternative greener, more sustainable solvents to the traditionally employed chloroform were identified, and the use of dimethyl carbonate (DMC) as a solvent was exemplified in the synthesis of a number of pharmaceutically relevant building blocks including the 40 mmol scale synthesis of N-Boc-3-pyrroline. Green chemistry metrics were calculated to identify areas of the Delépine reaction that could potentially be improved upon. Poor atom economy (A.E.) was identified as a key shortcoming of this methodology, although our efforts to improve A.E. and reduce waste were unfortunately unsuccessful. A preliminary thermal safety evaluation was conducted using differential scanning calorimetry due to stability concerns raised over the nature of the products; none of the products were considered to have shock-sensitive or explosive propagating properties. The limits of potential sustainability improvements that could be achieved are critically discussed including the inherent issues with this methodology such as the release of formaldehyde, generation of carcinogenic bis(chloromethyl)ether, and poor atom economy.
中文翻译:
评估Delpine反应的可持续性极限
在此,我们报告了我们为改善Delépine反应的可持续性所做的努力,该反应用于从活化的烷基卤化物形成伯胺。鉴定了许多替代传统使用的氯仿的更绿色,更具可持续性的溶剂,并在许多药学上相关的结构单元的合成中举例说明了使用碳酸二甲酯(DMC)作为溶剂,包括40 mmol规模的N合成。-Boc-3-吡咯啉。计算了绿色化学指标,以确定可能改善的Delépine反应区域。不幸的是,尽管我们努力改善AE和减少废物的努力未能成功,但原子经济不佳(AE)被认为是该方法的主要缺点。由于存在对产品性质的稳定性问题,因此使用差示扫描量热法进行了初步的热安全性评估。没有一种产品被认为具有震动敏感或爆炸传播特性。严格讨论了可能实现的可持续性改善的极限,包括使用该方法的固有问题,例如甲醛释放,致癌双酚的产生(氯甲基)醚,原子经济性差。
更新日期:2020-08-31
中文翻译:
评估Delpine反应的可持续性极限
在此,我们报告了我们为改善Delépine反应的可持续性所做的努力,该反应用于从活化的烷基卤化物形成伯胺。鉴定了许多替代传统使用的氯仿的更绿色,更具可持续性的溶剂,并在许多药学上相关的结构单元的合成中举例说明了使用碳酸二甲酯(DMC)作为溶剂,包括40 mmol规模的N合成。-Boc-3-吡咯啉。计算了绿色化学指标,以确定可能改善的Delépine反应区域。不幸的是,尽管我们努力改善AE和减少废物的努力未能成功,但原子经济不佳(AE)被认为是该方法的主要缺点。由于存在对产品性质的稳定性问题,因此使用差示扫描量热法进行了初步的热安全性评估。没有一种产品被认为具有震动敏感或爆炸传播特性。严格讨论了可能实现的可持续性改善的极限,包括使用该方法的固有问题,例如甲醛释放,致癌双酚的产生(氯甲基)醚,原子经济性差。