用新颖的需求补充自我决定理论：体育学生积极参与体育活动的动机和意图。,Frontiers In Psychology

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用新颖的需求补充自我决定理论：体育学生积极参与体育活动的动机和意图。
Frontiers In Psychology ( IF 2.6 ) Pub Date : 2020-07-03 , DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01535
Carlos Fernández-Espínola ₁ , Bartolomé J Almagro ₁ , Javier A Tamayo-Fajardo ₁ , Pedro Sáenz-López ₁

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自我决定理论的理论框架确定，基本的心理需求的满足和更多自我决定的动机形式与积极的行为后果相关，因此，可能会增加体育学生锻炼身体的意愿。从这个意义上讲，新近的科学证据已将新颖性的需求作为一种心理需求提出，因此有必要证明其对预测年轻人行为的可能贡献。因此，本研究的主要目的是测试一个模型，该模型分析了预测对自主性，能力，关联性和新颖性的需求的满意度的能力，以及体育锻炼中对运动积极性动机的动力。。对1665名平均年龄为12.43岁（SD = 1.87）的体育专业学生进行了问卷调查，其中男835名，女830名。对西班牙教育环境中运动量表的基本心理需求量表（BPNES）进行了改编，其中包括对新颖性的需求，因果关系量表的感知位置量表（PLOC）和身体活动量表的意图（IPAS）。路径分析结果表明，对自治，能力，亲和力和新颖性的心理需求的满足预测了自主动机。另一方面，对自治的需求积极地预测了受控制的动机，而对相关性的满足则消极地预测了受控制的动机。对能力和自主动机的需求积极地预测了体育学生的体育锻炼意愿，得出的解释差异为33％。但是，控制动机与统计学意义上与身体活动的意图无关。总之，假设模型的结果强调了满足所有基本心理需求（包括新颖性）的重要性，并特别强调了对能力的需求，因为它预测了自主动机和在教育背景之外进行体育锻炼的意愿。

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Complementing the Self-Determination Theory With the Need for Novelty: Motivation and Intention to Be Physically Active in Physical Education Students.

The theoretical framework of the self-determination theory establishes that the satisfaction of basic psychological needs and more self-determined motivational forms are related to positive behavioral consequences and, therefore, may increase the intention to be physically active in Physical Education students. In this sense, the need for novelty has been proposed as a psychological need by recent scientific evidence, so it is necessary to prove its possible contribution to the prediction of young people's behavior. Therefore, the main objective of the study was to test a model that analyzed the power of prediction of the satisfaction of the needs for autonomy, competence, relatedness, and novelty as well as the motivation experienced in Physical Education on the intention to be physically active. A questionnaire was administered to 1665 Physical Education students with an average age of 12.43 years (SD = 1.87), of which 835 were boys and 830 were girls. An adaptation of the Spanish educational context of the Basic Psychological Needs in Exercise Scale (BPNES) that includes the need for novelty, the Perceived Locus of Causality Scale (PLOC), and the Intention to be Physically Active Scale (IPAS) was used. Path analysis results showed that the satisfaction of the psychological needs for autonomy, competence, relatedness, and novelty predicted autonomous motivation. On the other hand, the need for autonomy positively predicted controlled motivation, while the satisfaction of relatedness did so negatively. The need for competence and autonomous motivation positively predicted the intention to be physically active in Physical Education students, obtaining an explained variance of 33%. However, controlled motivation was not related in a statistically significant way to the intention to be physically active. In conclusion, the results of the hypothesized model highlight the importance of satisfying all the basic psychological needs (including novelty) and give special emphasis to the need for competence, since it predicts autonomous motivation and the intention to be physically active outside of the educational context.

更新日期：2020-07-03

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