Tin perovskite solar cells (TPSCs) are rising as the most promising candidates for lead-free PSCs. However, the randomly crystallized tin halide perovskite with a high concentration of defects is still the bottleneck for obtaining high efficiency. Here, we report the pretreatment of FASnI₃ (formamidinium, FA) perovskite film by spin-coating a solution of organic halide salt n-propylammonium iodide (PAI) before annealing. It is found that PAI can induce the templated growth of FASnI₃ crystals by reconstruction of the intermediate phase, resulting in a highly crystallized FASnI₃ film with preferential orientation along the (100) plane and suppressed trap density. Finally, a stabilized efficiency of 11.22% was certified at an accredited test center and the cell is stable, maintaining over 95% of its initial efficiency after 1000 hours of operation at the maximum power point.

中文翻译：

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用于高效钙钛矿太阳能电池的FASnI3晶体的模板生长

钙钛矿太阳能电池（TPSC）成为无铅PSC的最有希望的候选者。然而，具有高浓度缺陷的无规结晶的卤化钙钛矿仍然是获得高效率的瓶颈。在这里，我们报道了在退火之前通过旋涂有机卤化物盐正丙基碘化碘化铵（PAI）溶液对钙钛矿FASnI ₃（甲ami ，FA）钙钛矿膜的预处理。发现PAI可通过重构中间相来诱导FASnI ₃晶体的模板化生长，从而导致高度结晶的FASnI ₃薄膜具有沿（100）平面优先取向的薄膜，并抑制了陷阱密度。最终，在认可的测试中心获得了11.22％的稳定效率的证明，并且电池是稳定的，在最大功率下运行1000小时后，其初始效率保持了95％以上。