Seismic stratigraphy and sedimentology of a Miocene carbonate platform in Luconia, South China Sea,Geological Journal

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Seismic stratigraphy and sedimentology of a Miocene carbonate platform in Luconia, South China Sea
Geological Journal ( IF 1.4 ) Pub Date : 2020-08-09 , DOI: 10.1002/gj.3942
Adelya Makhankova ₁ , Benjamin Sautter ₁ , Manoj Mathew ₂ , David Menier ₃ , Michael Poppelreiter ₄

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The internal architecture and evolution of isolated carbonate buildups rely on multiple forcing factors, including tectonics and eustatic fluctuations. These parameters control the developmental phases of carbonate buildups such as initiation, growth, and termination stages, and give insights into other morphologic patterns such as backstepping and exposure events. The current study shows the evolution of a Middle Miocene isolated carbonate buildup of Central Luconia in the southern South China Sea, and describes it from large‐scale to very fine detail (km to mm) utilizing newly acquired (2016) 3D seismic data along with core lithofacies and thin sections. The buildup morphology and seismic facies are linked to core facies that can help to uncover the complex development of the carbonate platform. Core‐seismic calibration was used to create maps illustrating carbonate depositional settings for each stratigraphic unit. Here, we identified five seismic units that constitute the main stratigraphic stages of buildup development: (a) initiation as several isolated buildups, (b) coalescence, progradation, and aggradation, (c) aggradation and retrogradation associated with minor backstepping events and major karstification events, (d) retrogradation associated with major backstepping events, and (e) drowning stage. Our results demonstrate that Miocene reefal evolution and buildup architecture in Central Luconia were distinctly affected by diverse endogenic and exogenic processes. The initiation of localized carbonate growth appears to be strongly controlled by the morphology of the pre‐carbonate basement of Central Luconia where the SSW–NNE horst and graben structures were inherited from the poly‐stage opening of the South China Sea during the Early Miocene. Furthermore, sea‐level fluctuations, local and regional tectonic events during the Middle Miocene controlled the rates of accommodation changes, which directly impacted the stratigraphic architecture of the platform. The detailed seismic and sedimentological study documented in this work will benefit the understanding of the paleogeographic and stratigraphic evolution of carbonate buildups in the Luconia region of SE Asia, and in the current and future exploration for substantial conventional resources.

中文翻译：

南海Luconia中新世碳酸盐岩台地的地震地层学和沉积学

孤立的碳酸盐堆积的内部构造和演化取决于多种强迫因素，包括构造和欣喜涨落。这些参数控制碳酸盐堆积的发育阶段，例如开始，生长和终止阶段，并提供对其他形态模式（例如后推和暴露事件）的见解。当前的研究显示了南海中部中新世中部孤立的碳酸盐岩在南海中部的演化，并利用新采集的（2016年）3D地震数据将其从大到细（从千米到毫米）进行了描述。核心岩相和薄片。构造形态和地震相与核心相联系在一起，可以帮助揭示碳酸盐岩平台的复杂发育。岩心地震定标用于创建地图，显示每个地层单元的碳酸盐沉积设置。在这里，我们确定了构成构造发育主要地层阶段的五个地震单元：（a）初始为几个孤立的构造，（b）聚结，渐进和凝结，（c）与次要反冲事件和主要喀斯特地貌有关的凝结和逆转事件；（d）与重大反推事件相关的退步，以及（e）溺水阶段。我们的研究结果表明，中卢肯尼亚地区的中新世珊瑚礁的演化和构造结构受到各种内生和外生过程的明显影响。碳酸盐局部生长的开始似乎受到中卢卡尼亚中部碳酸盐前地层形态的强烈控制，在中新世早期，南海多阶段开放继承了南海的南北向hor陷和grab陷结构。此外，中新世中期的海平面波动，局部和区域性构造事件控制了适应性变化的速率，这直接影响了平台的地层结构。这项工作中记录的详细地震和沉积学研究将有助于了解东南亚卢西亚地区碳酸盐岩堆积的古地理和地层演化，以及当前和未来对大量常规资源的勘探。

更新日期：2020-08-09

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