电荷转移的多方面。,Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics

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电荷转移的多方面。
Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics ( IF 2.9 ) Pub Date : 2020-08-05 , DOI: 10.1039/d0cp01556c
James B Derr ₁ , Jesse Tamayo , John A Clark , Maryann Morales , Maximillian F Mayther , Eli M Espinoza , Katarzyna Rybicka-Jasińska , Valentine I Vullev

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迄今为止，电荷转移和电荷传输是维持地球生命并使我们的现代生活方式成为可能的最重要过程之一。自大氧事件以来，光合作用和细胞呼吸涉及多个电子转移步骤，一直主要负责管理地球生物圈的能量流。无法想象没有离子通道介导的电荷传输或氧化还原酶介导的电子和质子转移的生物体。同时，电子和空穴的转移和传输驱动着我们生活中复杂的电子和光子器件的功能。在推动工程进步的同时，电荷转移科学已成为一个重要的独立领域，它起源于物理化学和化学物理学，专注于生物学范式，并从太阳能研究中获得动力。在这里，我们回顾了电荷转移的基本概念，并概述了其在医学、环境科学、催化、电子和光子学等广泛的不相关领域中的核心作用。例如，偶极子的普遍性要求加深对局部电场如何影响电荷转移的理解。因此，电荷转移驻极体对于推进该领域以及将基础科学与工程连接起来非常重要。电荷转移科学各方面之间的协同作用为该领域的进步产生广泛的全球影响奠定了基础。

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Multifaceted aspects of charge transfer.

Charge transfer and charge transport are by far among the most important processes for sustaining life on Earth and for making our modern ways of living possible. Involving multiple electron-transfer steps, photosynthesis and cellular respiration have been principally responsible for managing the energy flow in the biosphere of our planet since the Great Oxygen Event. It is impossible to imagine living organisms without charge transport mediated by ion channels, or electron and proton transfer mediated by redox enzymes. Concurrently, transfer and transport of electrons and holes drive the functionalities of electronic and photonic devices that are intricate for our lives. While fueling advances in engineering, charge-transfer science has established itself as an important independent field, originating from physical chemistry and chemical physics, focusing on paradigms from biology, and gaining momentum from solar-energy research. Here, we review the fundamental concepts of charge transfer, and outline its core role in a broad range of unrelated fields, such as medicine, environmental science, catalysis, electronics and photonics. The ubiquitous nature of dipoles, for example, sets demands on deepening the understanding of how localized electric fields affect charge transfer. Charge-transfer electrets, thus, prove important for advancing the field and for interfacing fundamental science with engineering. Synergy between the vastly different aspects of charge-transfer science sets the stage for the broad global impacts that the advances in this field have.

更新日期：2020-10-07

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