海洋环境中的发泡聚苯乙烯：来源，添加剂，运输，行为和影响。,Environmental Science & Technology

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海洋环境中的发泡聚苯乙烯：来源，添加剂，运输，行为和影响。
Environmental Science & Technology ( IF 10.8 ) Pub Date : 2020-08-05 , DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c03221
Andrew Turner ₁

Affiliation

可以膨胀（EPS）或挤出（XPS）的发泡聚苯乙烯（PS）是一种刚性，轻质的绝缘热塑性塑料，在消费，包装，建筑和海洋领域具有多种用途。材料的特性还导致废物在环境中容易产生，分散和破碎。这篇综述的重点是海洋环境中的发泡聚苯乙烯，包括其来源，运输，降解，污染物的获取，动物的摄入以及动员化学添加剂所产生的生物影响。在海洋中，发泡的聚苯乙烯会受到风的辅助运输并通过光解降解而破裂。该材料还可以用作漂流生物的基质，同时还可以在海表微层中暴露于高浓度的天然和人为表面活性化学品。在沿海地区，由于在斜流区进行铣削并在搁浅时磨损，加重了破碎，风的运输导致临时埋葬了大量材料。已经记录了多种海洋动物摄入EPS和XPS的情况，但主要是那些以海面为食或将其用作栖息地的动物。食入泡沫聚苯乙烯不仅会因胃肠道堵塞而造成伤害，还会使动物接触有害化学物质，在这方面，最令人担忧的是存在历史悠久但仍可回收的阻燃六溴环十二烷。

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Foamed Polystyrene in the Marine Environment: Sources, Additives, Transport, Behavior, and Impacts.

Foamed polystyrene (PS) that may be either expanded (EPS) or extruded (XPS) is a rigid, lightweight insulating thermoplastic that has a variety of uses in the consumer, packaging, construction, and marine sectors. The properties of the material also result in waste that is readily generated, dispersed, and fragmented in the environment. This review focuses on foamed PS in the marine setting, including its sources, transport, degradation, acquisition of contaminants, ingestion by animals, and biological impacts arising from the mobilization of chemical additives. In the ocean, foamed PS is subject to wind-assisted transport and fracturing via photolytic degradation. The material may also act as a substrate for rafting organisms while being exposed to elevated concentrations of natural and anthropogenic surface-active chemicals in the sea surface microlayer. In the littoral setting, fragmentation is accentuated by milling in the swash zone and abrasion when beached, with wind transport leading to the temporary burial of significant quantities of material. Ingestion of EPS and XPS has been documented for a variety of marine animals, but principally those that feed at the sea surface or use the material as a habitat. As well as risking injuries due to gastro-intestinal blockage, ingestion of foamed PS exposes animals to harmful chemicals, and of greatest concern in this respect is the presence of the historical, but still recycled, flame-retardant, hexabromocyclododecane. Because foamed PS is particularly difficult to retrieve as a constituent of marine litter, means of reducing its presence and impacts will rely on the elimination of processes that generate foamed waste, modification of current storage and disposal practices, and the development of more durable and sustainable alternatives.

更新日期：2020-09-01

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