Abstract As a metal phosphide, copper phosphide (Cu3P) offers the advantages of low-cost, environmental friendliness, and excellent volumetric capacity. However, the development of Cu3P in lithium/sodium-ion batteries is limited by its poor conductivity, large volume change, and nano-crystal agglomeration. In this work, we prepared nano-scale Cu3P uniformly embedded in a nitrogen-doped three-dimensional (3D) porous carbon network (denoted as Cu3P/N-CN) through a simple and novel strategy of freeze-drying with NaCl crystals as template. The Cu3P nanoparticles effectively alleviated the physical strain generated during the charging and discharging processes and improved the utilization rate of the active material. Moreover, the 3D porous structure enhanced the conductivity, inhibited the agglomeration of the Cu3P nanoparticles, and facilitated the rapid diffusion of electrons/ions. The Cu3P/N-CN composite anode exhibited an outstanding rate capability (431.6 mAh g−1 at 3.0 A g−1), outstanding cyclic stability (752.3 mAh g−1 at 0.1 A g−1 over 100 cycles) for lithium storage, and excellent rate performance (220.0 mAh g−1 at 3.0 A g−1) and cycle performance (340.9 mAh g−1 at 0.1 A g−1 over 100 cycles) for sodium storage. This novel Cu3P/N-CN electrode thus has a promising application in energy storage technologies.

中文翻译：

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高效合成限制在 3D 氮掺杂碳网络中的 Cu3P 纳米粒子作为锂/钠离子电池的高性能阳极

摘要 磷化铜（Cu3P）作为一种金属磷化物，具有成本低、环境友好、体积容量大等优点。然而，Cu3P在锂/钠离子电池中的发展受到其导电性差、体积变化大和纳米晶体团聚的限制。在这项工作中，我们通过一种以 NaCl 晶体为模板的简单而新颖的冷冻干燥策略，制备了均匀嵌入氮掺杂三维 (3D) 多孔碳网络（表示为 Cu3P/N-CN）中的纳米级 Cu3P。 . Cu3P纳米颗粒有效缓解了充放电过程中产生的物理应变，提高了活性材料的利用率。此外，3D 多孔结构增强了导电性，抑制了 Cu3P 纳米颗粒的团聚，并促进电子/离子的快速扩散。Cu3P/N-CN 复合负极表现出出色的倍率性能（431.6 mAh g-1 at 3.0 A g-1），出色的循环稳定性（752.3 mAh g-1 at 0.1 A g-1 超过 100 次循环）用于锂存储，钠储存具有优异的倍率性能（3.0 A g-1 时为 220.0 mAh g-1）和循环性能（0.1 A g-1 时为 340.9 mAh g-1，超过 100 次循环）。因此，这种新型 Cu3P/N-CN 电极在储能技术中具有广阔的应用前景。1 A g-1 超过 100 次循环）用于钠储存。因此，这种新型 Cu3P/N-CN 电极在储能技术中具有广阔的应用前景。1 A g-1 超过 100 次循环）用于钠储存。因此，这种新型 Cu3P/N-CN 电极在储能技术中具有广阔的应用前景。