狼蛛的繁殖期受其热偏好的限制（蜘蛛科，狼蛛科）,Journal of Thermal Biology

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狼蛛的繁殖期受其热偏好的限制（蜘蛛科，狼蛛科）
Journal of Thermal Biology ( IF 2.9 ) Pub Date : 2020-08-01 , DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2020.102665
Laura Montes de Oca ₁ , Fernando Pérez-Miles ₂ , Sabrina Clavijo-Baquet ₃

Affiliation

变温动物的运动和生理性能受温度影响。体温调节是通过行为的改变和选择具有足够温度的微栖息地来实现的，以将体温 (Tb) 保持在偏好范围内。除了空间尺度上的这种温度依赖性外，变温线还受时间尺度上的温度影响。例如，变温动物只能在一年中的几个月活跃，特别是在温带环境中。狼蛛是变温动物，大部分时间都生活在洞穴中。然而，在性成熟蜕皮之后，雄性离开了它们的避难所，开始了寻找雌性交配的流浪生活。繁殖期因物种而异。在一些物种中，在春末或夏初可以看到雄性行走，而在其他物种中，雄性只在秋季或冬季出现。除了成熟后生活方式的差异外，狼蛛在寿命和体重方面表现出两性差异，雄性更小、寿命更短。因此，为了优化能量预算，降低体温调节成本，我们假设并检查了生殖期间个体的首选体温 (Tpref) 与环境温度之间的假定相关性。因此，我们表征了七种狼蛛的 Tpref 并分析了哪些因素（即一天中的时间、体重和性别）与其相关。此外，我们通过系统发育独立对比评估了生殖期间 Tpref 与环境温度（最小值、平均值和最大值）的假定相关进化。我们没有发现两性之间的热偏好差异；并且只有一种 Acanthoscurria suina 在 Tpref 中表现出日粮差异。我们在此处研究的所有七个物种中发现了生殖期间 Tpref 与最低温度之间相关进化的证据。我们的研究结果表明，繁殖期受热偏好的限制，决定了雄性何时可以开始他们的流浪生活来交配。

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The reproductive period of tarantulas is constrained by their thermal preferences (Araneae, Theraphosidae)

Locomotor and physiological performance of ectotherms are affected by temperature. Thermoregulation is achieved by changes in behavior and the selection of micro-habitats with adequate temperatures to maintain the body temperature (Tb) within a range of preference. Apart from this temperature dependence at spatial scales, ectotherms are also affected by temperature at temporal scale. For instance, ectotherms can only be active some months of the year, particularly in temperate environments. Tarantulas are ectotherms that live in burrows most of their life. Nevertheless, after the sexual maturation molt, males leave their refugia and start a wandering life searching for females to mate. The reproductive period varies among species. In some species walking males are seen in late spring or early summer, while in other species males are only seen during fall or winter. Apart from the differences in lifestyles after maturation, tarantulas exhibit sexual dimorphisms in longevity and body mass, having smaller, shorter-lived males. Thus, to optimize energetic budgets, decreasing thermoregulation costs, we hypothesize and examine a putative correlation between an individual's preferred body temperature (Tpref) and the environmental temperature during the reproductive period. Hence, we characterize Tpref in seven tarantula species and analyze which factors (i.e., time of day, body mass, and sex) correlated with it. Furthermore, we assess putative correlated evolution of Tpref with ambient temperature (minima, mean, and maxima) during the reproductive period by means of phylogenetic independent contrasts. We did not find differences in thermal preferences between sexes; and only one species, Acanthoscurria suina, exhibited diel differences in Tpref. We found evidence of correlated evolution between Tpref and minimum temperature during the reproductive period among all seven species studied herein. Our results show that the reproductive period is constrained by thermal preferences, dictating when males can start their wandering life to mate.

更新日期：2020-08-01

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