Abstract

In this study, an efficient, rapid and simple plant-mediated green sol–gel auto-combustion procedure was presented to synthesis magnesium–cobalt ferrite (MgCoFe₂O₄) nanocatalyst using an aqueous extract of apple skins as a chelating/combustion agent. The catalyst was assessed by multiple techniques, including FT-IR, XRD, FE-SEM, EDS, elemental mapping, TGA-DTA and VSM. Then, the catalytic potential of the as-prepared MgCoFe₂O₄ nanocatalyst was examined in the three-component condensation reaction of 1,3-dimethyl barbituric acid, aldehydes and malononitrile for the one-pot synthesis of pyrano[2,3-d]pyrimidinedione and their bis-derivatives. The obtained results indicated the excellent catalytic activity of the MgCoFe₂O₄ in the three-component reaction. The high catalytic activity of these nanomaterials could be attributed to the synergistic electronic effect between nanoparticles, which showcased the enormous potential of multi-metallic nanomaterials in the catalysis field. More importantly, MgCoFe₂O₄ showed excellent magnetic properties, and it could be successfully separated and recovered by applying an external magnetic for further reuses. To the best of our knowledge, green synthesis of MgCoFe₂O₄ mediated by aqueous plant extract was reported here for the first time, and this work, therefore, can open up a new insight in the course of design, green synthesis and application of excellent green nanocatalyst for the sustainable processes.

Graphic abstract

MgCoFe₂O₄ as a magnetically recyclable heterogeneous catalyst, has been synthesized through plant-mediated procedure using an aqueous extract of apple skins.

中文翻译：

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一种简便的绿色合成 MgCoFe2O4 纳米材料，在吡喃并[2,3-d]嘧啶二酮及其双衍生物的合成中具有强大的催化性能。

摘要

在这项研究中，提出了一种高效、快速和简单的植物介导的绿色溶胶-凝胶自燃程序，以苹果皮的水提取物作为螯合/助燃剂合成镁钴铁氧体 (MgCoFe ₂ O _{4 ) 纳米催化剂。}通过多种技术评估催化剂，包括 FT-IR、XRD、FE-SEM、EDS、元素映射、TGA-DTA 和 VSM。然后，考察了所制备的 MgCoFe ₂ O ₄纳米催化剂在 1,3-二甲基巴比妥酸、醛类和丙二腈的三组分缩合反应中的一锅法合成吡喃 [2,3- d]嘧啶二酮及其双衍生物。所得结果表明MgCoFe ₂ O ₄在三组分反应中具有优异的催化活性。这些纳米材料的高催化活性可归因于纳米粒子之间的协同电子效应，这展示了多金属纳米材料在催化领域的巨大潜力。更重要的是，MgCoFe ₂ O ₄表现出优异的磁性，可以通过外加磁性成功地分离和回收，以进一步重复利用。据我们所知，MgCoFe ₂ O _{4的绿色合成} 这里首次报道了由水性植物提取物介导的介导，因此，这项工作可以为可持续过程的设计、绿色合成和应用优秀的绿色纳米催化剂开辟新的思路。

图形摘要

MgCoFe ₂ O ₄作为磁性可回收的非均相催化剂，已通过植物介导的程序使用苹果皮的水提取物合成。