Abstract

In this study, an efficient, rapid and simple plant-mediated green sol–gel auto-combustion procedure was presented to synthesis magnesium–cobalt ferrite (MgCoFe₂O₄) nanocatalyst using an aqueous extract of apple skins as a chelating/combustion agent. The catalyst was assessed by multiple techniques, including FT-IR, XRD, FE-SEM, EDS, elemental mapping, TGA-DTA and VSM. Then, the catalytic potential of the as-prepared MgCoFe₂O₄ nanocatalyst was examined in the three-component condensation reaction of 1,3-dimethyl barbituric acid, aldehydes and malononitrile for the one-pot synthesis of pyrano[2,3-d]pyrimidinedione and their bis-derivatives. The obtained results indicated the excellent catalytic activity of the MgCoFe₂O₄ in the three-component reaction. The high catalytic activity of these nanomaterials could be attributed to the synergistic electronic effect between nanoparticles, which showcased the enormous potential of multi-metallic nanomaterials in the catalysis field. More importantly, MgCoFe₂O₄ showed excellent magnetic properties, and it could be successfully separated and recovered by applying an external magnetic for further reuses. To the best of our knowledge, green synthesis of MgCoFe₂O₄ mediated by aqueous plant extract was reported here for the first time, and this work, therefore, can open up a new insight in the course of design, green synthesis and application of excellent green nanocatalyst for the sustainable processes.

Graphic abstract

MgCoFe₂O₄ as a magnetically recyclable heterogeneous catalyst, has been synthesized through plant-mediated procedure using an aqueous extract of apple skins.

中文翻译：

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MgCoFe2O4纳米材料的简便绿色合成，在吡喃并[2,3-d]嘧啶二酮及其双衍生物的合成中具有强大的催化性能。

 抽象的

在本研究中，提出了一种高效、快速且简单的植物介导的绿色溶胶-凝胶自燃烧程序，使用苹果皮的水提取物作为螯合/燃烧剂合成镁钴铁氧体（MgCoFe ₂ O ₄ ）纳米催化剂。通过多种技术对催化剂进行了评估，包括 FT-IR、XRD、FE-SEM、EDS、元素图谱、TGA-DTA 和 VSM。然后，考察了所制备的MgCoFe ₂ O ₄纳米催化剂在1,3-二甲基巴比妥酸、醛和丙二腈的三组分缩合反应中的催化潜力，用于一锅法合成吡喃[2,3- d] 。 ]嘧啶二酮及其双衍生物。所得结果表明MgCoFe ₂ O ₄在三组分反应中具有优异的催化活性。这些纳米材料的高催化活性可归因于纳米颗粒之间的协同电子效应，这展示了多金属纳米材料在催化领域的巨大潜力。更重要的是，MgCoFe ₂ O ₄显示出优异的磁性能，通过施加外磁可以成功分离和回收以进一步重复利用。据我们所知，本文首次报道了植物水提取物介导的MgCoFe ₂ O ₄的绿色合成，因此这项工作可以为MgCoFe 2 O 4 的设计、绿色合成和应用过程开辟新的思路。用于可持续过程的优异绿色纳米催化剂。

 图文摘要

MgCoFe ₂ O ₄作为一种磁性可回收的多相催化剂，是使用苹果皮的水提取物通过植物介导的程序合成的。