纳米毒理学：需要人情味吗？,Small

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纳米毒理学：需要人情味吗？
Small ( IF 13.0 ) Pub Date : 2020-07-22 , DOI: 10.1002/smll.202001516
Mark R Miller ₁ , Craig A Poland ₂

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随着正在开发的人造纳米材料 (MNM) 数量不断增加，迫切需要进行纳米毒理学研究，以测试 MNM 对健康造成危害的可能性。细胞培养和动物模型方面的大量工作对于理解 MNM 的理化特性以及对细胞和器官产生任何有害作用的生物学机制至关重要。在人类受试者中，暴露监测与小组研究中选定的健康参数的测量相结合，尤其是在职业环境中。然而，进一步的体内人体数据的可用性将极大地帮助 MNM 的风险评估。在这里，讨论了在人类受试者中控制吸入 MNM 暴露的可能性。控制接触碳、金、铝、和锌纳米颗粒在人体中的应用已经确立了先例，以证明这种方法的可行性。这些研究对纳米颗粒诱导炎症、改变肺功能、影响脉管系统、到达体循环和在其他器官中积聚的潜力（或不潜力）提供了相当深入的了解。提倡需要进一步控制人类志愿者对 MNM 的暴露——建立无影响限值、生物学机制，并为 MNM 的风险评估提供重要数据。

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Nanotoxicology: The Need for a Human Touch?

With the ever‐expanding number of manufactured nanomaterials (MNMs) under development there is a vital need for nanotoxicology studies that test the potential for MNMs to cause harm to health. An extensive body of work in cell cultures and animal models is vital to understanding the physicochemical characteristics of MNMs and the biological mechanisms that underlie any detrimental actions to cells and organs. In human subjects, exposure monitoring is combined with measurement of selected health parameters in small panel studies, especially in occupational settings. However, the availability of further in vivo human data would greatly assist the risk assessment of MNMs. Here, the potential for controlled inhalation exposures of MNMs in human subjects is discussed. Controlled exposures to carbon, gold, aluminum, and zinc nanoparticles in humans have already set a precedence to demonstrate the feasibility of this approach. These studies have provided considerable insight into the potential (or not) of nanoparticles to induce inflammation, alter lung function, affect the vasculature, reach the systemic circulation, and accumulate in other organs. The need for further controlled exposures of MNMs in human volunteers ‐ to establish no‐effect limits, biological mechanisms, and provide vital data for the risk assessment of MNMs ‐ is advocated.

更新日期：2020-09-10

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