通过胶体组装和金属颗粒的氧化形成的超强多层多孔材料,Advanced Functional Materials

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通过胶体组装和金属颗粒的氧化形成的超强多层多孔材料
Advanced Functional Materials ( IF 18.5 ) Pub Date : 2020-07-21 , DOI: 10.1002/adfm.202003550
Wenlong Huo _{1,

2} , Xiaoyan Zhang _{1,

3} , Elena Tervoort ₂ , Silvan Gantenbein ₂ , Jinlong Yang ₁ , André R. Studart ₂

Affiliation

多孔材料可用作轻质结构，骨替代物和绝热材料，但与致密材料相比，其机械性能较差。通过结合多种长度尺度的孔，诸如骨头和竹子之类的生物材料能够避免孔隙度和机械性能之间的折衷。受这些生物架构的启发，制造平台可用于制造Al ₂ O ₃泡沫和Al ₂ O ₃开发了具有分层孔隙率和增强的机械性能的/ Al复合材料。大尺寸的孔是通过铝颗粒在湿泡沫中的模板气泡周围的组装而形成的，而高于800°C的金属颗粒的热氧化会在微米级产生孔隙。在阐明了微观尺度上不同烧结条件下孔形成的机理后，使用压缩实验和有限元模拟对所得分层泡沫的机械性能进行了评估。发现通过这种简单方法制造的多孔材料具有无与伦比的机械性能，烧结收缩率几乎为零，机械强度损失最小。

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Ultrastrong Hierarchical Porous Materials via Colloidal Assembly and Oxidation of Metal Particles

Porous materials are useful as lightweight structures, bone substitutes, and thermal insulators, but exhibit poor mechanical properties compared to their dense counterparts. Biological materials such as bone and bamboo are able to circumvent this trade‐off between porosity and mechanical performance by combining pores at multiple length scales. Inspired by these biological architectures, a manufacturing platform that allows for the fabrication of Al₂O₃ foams and Al₂O₃/Al composites with hierarchical porosity and enhanced mechanical properties is developed. Macroscale pores are formed through the assembly of aluminum particles around templating air bubbles in wet foams, whereas the thermal oxidation of the metal particles above 800 °C generates porosity at the micrometer scale. After elucidating the mechanism of pore formation under different sintering conditions at the microscale, the mechanical performance of the resulting hierarchical foams using compression experiments and finite element simulations is evaluated. Porous materials manufactured via this simple approach are found to reach unparalleled mechanical properties with near‐zero sintering shrinkage and minimum loss in mechanical strength. The ability to produce macroscopic objects with ultrahigh strength at porosities up to 95% makes this an attractive manufacturing technology for the fabrication of high‐performance lightweight structures or advanced thermal and acoustic insulators.

更新日期：2020-09-18

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