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Electric vehicle energy consumption modelling and estimation—A case study
International Journal of Energy Research ( IF 4.3 ) Pub Date : 2020-07-12 , DOI: 10.1002/er.5700 Ilyès Miri 1 , Abbas Fotouhi 1 , Nathan Ewin 2
International Journal of Energy Research ( IF 4.3 ) Pub Date : 2020-07-12 , DOI: 10.1002/er.5700 Ilyès Miri 1 , Abbas Fotouhi 1 , Nathan Ewin 2
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Electric vehicles (EVs) have a limited driving range compared to conventional vehicles. Accurate estimation of EV's range is therefore a significant need to eliminate “range anxiety” that refers to drivers' fear of running out of energy while driving. However, the range estimators used in the currently available EVs are not sufficiently accurate. To overcome this issue, more accurate range estimation techniques are investigated. Nonetheless, an accurate power‐based EV energy consumption model is crucial to obtain a precise range estimation. This paper describes a study on EV energy consumption modelling. For this purpose, EV modelling is carried out using MATLAB/Simulink software based on a real EV in the market, the BMW i3. The EV model includes vehicle powertrain system and longitudinal vehicle dynamics. The powertrain is modelled using efficiency maps of the electric motor and the power electronics' data available for BMW i3. It also includes a transmission and a battery model (ie, Thevenin equivalent circuit model). A driver model is developed as well to control the vehicle's speed and to represent human driver's behaviour. In addition, a regenerative braking strategy, based on a series brake system, is developed to model the behaviour of a real braking controller. Auxiliary devices are also included in the EV model to improve energy consumption estimation accuracy as they can have a significant impact on that. The vehicle model is validated against published energy consumption values that demonstrates a satisfactory level of accuracy with 2% to 6% error between simulation and experimental results for Environmental Protection Agency and NEDC tests.
中文翻译：
电动汽车能耗建模与估算-案例研究
与传统车辆相比，电动车辆（EV）的行驶里程有限。因此，准确估计电动汽车的行驶里程是消除“行驶里程焦虑”的重大需要，“行驶里程焦虑”是指驾驶员担心驾驶时会耗尽能量。然而，当前可用的EV中使用的距离估计器不够准确。为了克服这个问题，研究了更精确的范围估计技术。尽管如此，准确的基于功率的EV能耗模型对于获得精确的范围估算至关重要。本文介绍了有关电动汽车能源消耗建模的研究。为此，使用MATLAB / Simulink软件基于市场上的实际电动汽车BMW i3进行电动汽车建模。EV模型包括车辆动力总成系统和纵向车辆动力学。动力总成使用电动机的效率图和可用于BMW i3的电力电子设备数据建模。它还包括变速器和电池模型（即戴维南等效电路模型）。还开发了驾驶员模型来控制车辆的速度并代表驾驶员的行为。此外，还开发了基于串联制动系统的再生制动策略，以对实际制动控制器的行为进行建模。EV模型中还包括辅助设备，以提高能耗估算的准确性，因为它们可能对此产生重大影响。
更新日期：2020-07-12
中文翻译：
电动汽车能耗建模与估算-案例研究
与传统车辆相比，电动车辆（EV）的行驶里程有限。因此，准确估计电动汽车的行驶里程是消除“行驶里程焦虑”的重大需要，“行驶里程焦虑”是指驾驶员担心驾驶时会耗尽能量。然而，当前可用的EV中使用的距离估计器不够准确。为了克服这个问题，研究了更精确的范围估计技术。尽管如此，准确的基于功率的EV能耗模型对于获得精确的范围估算至关重要。本文介绍了有关电动汽车能源消耗建模的研究。为此，使用MATLAB / Simulink软件基于市场上的实际电动汽车BMW i3进行电动汽车建模。EV模型包括车辆动力总成系统和纵向车辆动力学。动力总成使用电动机的效率图和可用于BMW i3的电力电子设备数据建模。它还包括变速器和电池模型（即戴维南等效电路模型）。还开发了驾驶员模型来控制车辆的速度并代表驾驶员的行为。此外，还开发了基于串联制动系统的再生制动策略，以对实际制动控制器的行为进行建模。EV模型中还包括辅助设备，以提高能耗估算的准确性，因为它们可能对此产生重大影响。
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