褪黑素的代谢，信号传导及其在植物中的可能作用,The Plant Journal

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褪黑素的代谢，信号传导及其在植物中的可能作用
The Plant Journal ( IF 6.2 ) Pub Date : 2020-07-09 , DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14915
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褪黑素是一种在动物和植物中都发现的多功能生物分子。在这篇综述中，褪黑激素及其代谢产物在植物中的生物合成，水平，信号传导以及可能的作用被总结。有人提出将类胰蛋白酶5-羟化酶（T5H）催化色胺转化为5-羟色胺的目标，以创建褪黑激素敲除突变体，该突变体表现出水稻的病态模拟表型。由于褪黑素生物合成的合成代谢能力降低和褪黑素代谢的分解代谢能力增强，所有植物通常都维持较低的褪黑激素水平。一些植物，包括拟南芥和烟草（烟草），不具有色氨酸脱羧酶（TDC），这是褪黑素生物合成所需的第一个定步酶。褪黑激素的主要代谢产物包括环状3-羟基褪黑激素（3-OHM）和2-羟基褪黑激素（2-OHM）。当将褪黑激素应用于Oryza时，也会产生其他褪黑激素代谢产物，例如N ^1-乙酰-N ^2-甲酰基-5-甲氧基尿嘧啶（AFMK），N-乙酰5-甲氧基尿嘧啶（AMK）和5-甲氧基色胺（5-MT）。苜蓿（白饭）。褪黑素及其代谢物的信号传导途径通过丝裂原激活的蛋白激酶（MAPK）级联起作用，尽管Cand2的完整性仍存在争议，但可能与Cand2充当褪黑素受体有关。褪黑素通过其强大的抗氧化活性和激活MAPK级联的功能，介导了许多重要的生长刺激和抗逆能力。褪黑素代谢物的浓度分布似乎是物种特异性的，因为相应的酶，例如M2H，M3H，过氧化氢酶，吲哚胺2,3-二加氧酶（IDO）和N乙酰5-羟色胺脱乙酰基酶（ASDAC）在植物物种之间，甚至在物种内的不同组织之间差异表达。当褪黑激素外源施用或通过异位过表达而过量生产时，褪黑激素及其代谢产物的不同水平可导致植物间的生理差异。

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Melatonin metabolism, signaling and possible roles in plants

Melatonin is a multifunctional biomolecule found in both animals and plants. In this review, the biosynthesis, levels, signaling, and possible roles of melatonin and its metabolites in plants is summarized. Tryptamine 5‐hydroxylase (T5H), which catalyzes the conversion of tryptamine into serotonin, has been proposed as a target to create a melatonin knockout mutant presenting a lesion‐mimic phenotype in rice. With a reduced anabolic capacity for melatonin biosynthesis and an increased catabolic capacity for melatonin metabolism, all plants generally maintain low melatonin levels. Some plants, including Arabidopsis and Nicotiana tabacum (tobacco), do not possess tryptophan decarboxylase (TDC), the first committed step enzyme required for melatonin biosynthesis. Major melatonin metabolites include cyclic 3‐hydroxymelatonin (3‐OHM) and 2‐hydroxymelatonin (2‐OHM). Other melatonin metabolites such as N¹‐acetyl‐N²‐formyl‐5‐methoxykynuramine (AFMK), N‐acetyl‐5‐methoxykynuramine (AMK) and 5‐methoxytryptamine (5‐MT) are also produced when melatonin is applied to Oryza sativa (rice). The signaling pathways of melatonin and its metabolites act via the mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade, possibly with Cand2 acting as a melatonin receptor, although the integrity of Cand2 remains controversial. Melatonin mediates many important functions in growth stimulation and stress tolerance through its potent antioxidant activity and function in activating the MAPK cascade. The concentration distribution of melatonin metabolites appears to be species specific because corresponding enzymes such as M2H, M3H, catalases, indoleamine 2,3‐dioxygenase (IDO) and N‐acetylserotonin deacetylase (ASDAC) are differentially expressed among plant species and even among different tissues within species. Differential levels of melatonin and its metabolites can lead to differential physiological effects among plants when melatonin is either applied exogenously or overproduced through ectopic overexpression.

更新日期：2020-07-09

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