微囊藻毒素：生物发生、毒性、分析和控制。,Chemical Research in Toxicology

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微囊藻毒素：生物发生、毒性、分析和控制。
Chemical Research in Toxicology ( IF 3.7 ) Pub Date : 2020-07-02 , DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.0c00164
Celine M Schreidah _{1,

2} , Kasun Ratnayake ₂ , Kanishka Senarath _{2,

3} , Ajith Karunarathne ₂

Affiliation

微囊藻毒素是由蓝藻形成的环肽毒素。这些毒素因与藻类大量繁殖有关而为人所知，对生态系统和饮用水质量构成重大威胁。由于它们引起的环境问题日益严重，本文概述了对微囊藻毒素的起源、毒性及其定量测定的分析方法的全面审查。基因，包括mcyABC簇，调节微囊藻毒素的生物发生。生物分析实验已经确定了促进微囊藻毒素生产的关键环境因素，例如温度和可用氮气。基于微囊藻毒素对特定组织和器官中蛋白磷酸酶 1 和 2A 的调节作用，探索了微囊藻毒素的毒性。此外，还讨论了微囊藻毒素的螯合、运输、由此产生的氧化应激和肿瘤促进能力的生化机制。用于分离、检测和量化微囊藻毒素的各种分析方法，包括定量实时聚合酶链反应、酶联免疫吸附测定、核磁共振光谱和用于明确结构鉴定的色谱平台串联质谱 (LC-MS) , 也被审查。

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Microcystins: Biogenesis, Toxicity, Analysis, and Control.

Microcystins are cyclic peptide toxins formed by cyanobacteria. These toxins are recognized for their association with algal blooms, posing a significant threat to ecosystems and drinking water quality. Due to the growing environmental concerns they raise, a comprehensive review on microcystins’ genesis, toxicity, and analytical methods for their quantitative determination is outlined. Genes, including the mcyABC cluster, regulate microcystin biogenesis. Bioanalytical experiments have identified key environmental factors, such as temperature and nitrogen availability, that promote microcystin production. Microcystin toxicity is explored based on its modulatory effects on protein phosphatases 1 and 2A in specific tissues and organs. Additionally, biochemical mechanisms of chelation, transportation, resultant oxidative stress, and tumor promotion abilities of microcystins are also discussed. Various analytical methods to separate, detect, and quantify microcystins, including the quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and chromatographic platforms-linked tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS) for unequivocal structural identification, are also reviewed. Since control of microcystins in water is of great necessity, both water treatment and mechanisms of abiotic transformation and microbial degradation are also discussed.

更新日期：2020-07-02

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