从黄色到银色：改变欧洲鳗鱼（安圭拉安圭拉）的颅骨形态。,Journal of Anatomy

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从黄色到银色：改变欧洲鳗鱼（安圭拉安圭拉）的颅骨形态。
Journal of Anatomy ( IF 1.8 ) Pub Date : 2020-06-24 , DOI: 10.1111/joa.13259
Jochem Baan _{1,

2} , Jens De Meyer ₁ , Barbara De Kegel ₁ , Dominique Adriaens ₁

Affiliation

欧洲鳗鱼（安圭拉安圭拉) 已被广泛研究，特别是因为其高度专业化的迁移行为与大量表型转变相关。在这次迁徙过程中，鳗鱼经历的转变之一是从黄色到银色的鳗鱼，这一过程被称为镀银。尽管对早期玻璃、鳗鱼和黄鳗阶段的颅骨形态进行了很好的研究，但对于从黄色鳗鱼到银鳗阶段的转变过程中的实际形态变化知之甚少。然而，文献表明肌肉骨骼解剖结构发生了巨大变化。在这里，我们研究了 11 条雄性欧洲鳗鱼在银化过程中不同阶段的颅骨肌肉骨骼形态，这源于自然和人工成熟。使用 3D 重建的头部 µCT 数据，研究了与颌骨闭合和呼吸相关的颅骨和颅骨肌肉。眼睛大小被用作银发阶段的代表。在镀银期间，大小调整后的下颌肌肉体积增加，尽管微不足道。因此，观察到咬合力几乎显着增加。然而，在镀银期间，呼吸肌的大小确实显着增加。考虑到鳗鱼的长期迁徙，通常包括很深的潜在缺氧环境，拥有更好的呼吸系统可能有助于有效的迁徙。总体颅骨尺寸和特别是眼眶尺寸都随着眼睛指数的增加而增加，这表明它们在变银过程中在适应扩大的眼睛方面发挥了作用。最后，人工成熟的鳗鱼比野生银鳗拥有更宽更高的头骨，以及更大的下颚肌肉。

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From yellow to silver: Transforming cranial morphology in European eel (Anguilla anguilla).

The European eel (Anguilla anguilla) has been extensively studied, especially because of its highly specialized migratory behaviour associated with substantial phenotypic transformations. During this migration, one of those transformations the eel undergoes is from yellow to silver eel, a process known as silvering. Although the cranial morphology during the earlier glass, elver and yellow eel stages are well studied, little is known about actual morphological changes during the transformation process from the yellow to the silver eel stage. Yet, literature suggests drastic changes in musculoskeletal anatomy. Here, we investigated the cranial musculoskeletal morphology of 11 male European eels at different stages during silvering, resulting both from natural and artificial maturation. Using 3D‐reconstructed µCT data of the head, the skull and cranial muscles associated with jaw closing and respiration were studied. Eye size was used as a proxy for the silvering stage. Size‐adjusted jaw muscle volumes increased during silvering, although insignificantly. Accordingly, a near‐significant increase in bite force was observed. Respiratory muscles size did increase significantly during silvering, however. Considering the eel's long migration, which often includes deep and thus potentially oxygen‐poor environments, having a better performing respiratory system may facilitate efficient migration. Both overall skull dimensions and specifically orbit size increased with eye index, suggesting they play a role in accommodating the enlarging eyes during silvering. Finally, artificially matured eels had a wider and taller skull, as well as larger jaw muscles than wild silver eels. This could be caused (a) by different conditions experienced during the yellow eel stage, which are maintained in the silver eel stage, (b) by side effects of hormonal injections or (c) be part of the maturation process as artificially induced silver eels had a higher eye index than the wild silver eels.

更新日期：2020-06-24

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