推动公共卫生生活方式干预：系统文献综述和综合综合,Health Education & Behavior

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推动公共卫生生活方式干预：系统文献综述和综合综合
Health Education & Behavior ( IF 2.7 ) Pub Date : 2020-06-09 , DOI: 10.1177/1090198120931788
Loni Ledderer ₁ , Marianne Kjær ₁ , Emilie Kirstine Madsen ₁ , Jacob Busch ₁ , Antoinette Fage-Butler ₁

Affiliation

在西方社会，助推越来越多地用于公共卫生干预，以产生促进健康的行为改变；然而，对于什么构成助推尚不明确，对助推技术在公共卫生生活方式干预中的有效性知之甚少，以及一些基于伦理和价值的担忧。本综述的目的是解决这些研究空白，并确定旨在诱导健康生活方式改变的公共卫生干预措施的实证研究中的轻推特征，包括这些干预措施是否有效。我们在 PubMed、CINAHL 和 PsycINFO 三个数据库中对 2008 年 1 月至 2019 年 4 月发表的相关文章进行了系统搜索，并将其与元综合相结合以构建解释性解释。共有 66 项原始研究符合纳入标准。系统评价的结果表明，大多数轻推干预涉及饮食/营养，大多数是作为单一实验进行的，并且大多数具有预期的效果。针对更广泛的辅助类别（可访问性、演示、使用消息和图片、技术支持的信息、经济激励、影响感官和认知负荷）确定了特定的辅助技术；几项研究包括不止一种轻推技术。尽管许多轻推技术具有预期效果，但尚不清楚它们是否会在研究环境之外起作用。综合显示，这些研究缺乏对轻推干预中隐含的健康假设的批判性反思，

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Nudging in Public Health Lifestyle Interventions: A Systematic Literature Review and Metasynthesis

Nudging is increasingly used in public health interventions in Western societies to produced health-promoting behavior changes; however, there is lack of clarity as to what constitutes a nudge, scant knowledge of the effectiveness of nudging techniques in public health lifestyle interventions and a number of ethical and value-based concerns. The aim of this review is to address these research lacunae and identify the characteristics of nudges in empirical research on public health interventions intended to induce healthy lifestyle changes, including whether they are effective. We conducted systematic searches for relevant articles published between January 2008 and April 2019 in three databases, PubMed, CINAHL and PsycINFO, and combined this with a metasynthesis to construct interpretative explanations. A total of 66 original studies met the inclusion criteria. The findings of the systematic review showed that most nudging interventions involved diet/nutrition, most were carried out as single experiments, and the majority had the intended effects. Specific nudging techniques were identified with respect to the broader nudging categories of accessibility, presentation, using messages and pictures, technology-supported information, financial incentives, affecting the senses, and cognitive loading; several studies included more than one nudging technique. Although many nudging techniques had the intended effects, it is unclear whether they would work outside the study setting. The synthesis revealed that the studies lacked critical reflection on the assumptions about health that were implicit in nudging interventions, the cultural acceptability of nudges, the context-free assumptions of nudging theory, and the implications of these aspects for the public health context.

更新日期：2020-06-09

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